LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PLATES. 



Facing page. 



Plate 1. Coal and some of its products. Photograph of model in the Division 



of Mineral Technology, U. S. National Museum Title. 



2. Diagram of the products derived from coal and some of their uses. . 10 



3. The occurrence and mining of anthracite coal. Photograph of a 



model, by courtesy of Howell's Microcosm 17 



4. The occurrence .and mining of bituminous coal. Photograph of a 



model in the Division of Mineral Technology, U. S. National 

 Museum 23 



5. View of the occurrence and mining of oil and gas. Photograph of a 



model in the Division of Mineral Technology, U. S. National 

 Museum 29 



6. Model of an idealized petroleum refinery in the Division of ^Mineral 



Technology, U. S. National Museum. From data supplied by 

 Tidewater Oil Co 46 



7. The successor to petroleum. Cliffs of Oil Shale near Grand Valley, 



Colorado. Photograph by courtesy of Denver & Rio Grande Rail- 

 road 77 



8. An electrochemical industry. The manufacture of carborundum, a 



synthetic abrasive. Photograph of a model in the Division of Min- 

 eral Technology, U. S. National Museum 138 



TEXT FIGURES. 



Page. 

 Figure 1. Sketch map showing the distribution of the coal resources of the 

 United States. Generalized from a detailed map by M. R. Camp- 

 bell, The coal fields of the United States — General introduction: 

 Professional Paper 100-A, United States Geological Survey, 1917 . . 20 



2. World's production of petroleum in 1916. Data from United States 



Geological Survey 33 



3. Sketch map showing the distribution of the oil and gas resources, 



together with principal pipe lines of the United States. General- 

 ized from detailed map by John D, Northrop, Oil and gas fields in 

 1916, corrected to March, 1917, United States Geological Survey. 

 Oil-shale data from United States Geological Survey and other 

 sources 34 



4. Chart showing petroleum used in the United States and the rest of 



the world from 1880 to 1917. Data from United States Geological 

 Survey 37 



5. Diagram of the crude petroleum industry. From Report of the 



Committee on Petroleum, California State Council of Defense 44 



6. Chart showing the relative values of the principal petroleum prod- 



ucts manufactured in the United States from 1899 to 1914. Note 

 the decreasing importance of kerosene in sustaining the cost of 

 refining, and the necessity of exports for maintaining a balanced 

 outlet of products. Data from Story B. Ladd, Petroleum Refin- 

 ing. Census of manufactures: 1914, Bureau of the Census, Wash- 

 ington, 1917, page 10 48 



iz 



