KEVISION OF STEEPSIPTERA PIERCE. 37 



4. "Andrena afzeliella fuscataK.," indicating a normal variation. 



5. "Andrena tibialis K. (atriceps K.)," indicating a synonym which 

 has been used in the literature on the subject. 



7. Injury to internal organs. 



a. Alimentary system. — Newport (1851) found in Andrena trim- 

 merana Kirby the intestine of a parasitized bee to be almost entirely 

 empty and thrust out of its usual position. 



b. Nervous system. — The same entomologist found the ganglia of 

 the abdominal portion of the nervous cord to have been atrophied 

 and smaller than usual. 



c. Respiratory system. — Newport likewise found the organs of res- 

 piration to be small and imperfectly developed, and retaining more 

 the tracheal condition of the bee larva than that of the adult insect, 

 the vesicles being few and imperfect. 



d. Secretion. — Newport found the secretory tubes and poison glands 

 reduced. Saunders (1850) writes as follows of Prosopis rubicola 

 Saunders: 



Having noticed two pupae exhibiting on the right side only, the dark markings 

 which usually precede the development of the bee, I found, on their pupa-pellicles 

 being discarded the next day, that strepsipterous parasites ready to burst forth, had 

 become conspicuously prominent on the opposite side, where their hitherto concealed 

 presence would seem to have had the effect of exhausting the ordinary secretions 

 within. 



e. Reproduction. — As a result of stylopization an arrest to the de- 

 velopment occurs, effecting an atrophy of the ovary. In stylopized 

 females the largest eggs are smaller than their vitellogenous cells, 

 but the contents of the cells are unchanged. A parasitized female 

 with pollen on its brush showed the external signs of parasitism and 

 likewise had the eggs very far from development. Perez found such 

 conditions in Andrena jiessx Panzer, A. labialis Kirby, A. decipiens 

 Smith, A. ranunculi Perez. 



8. Effectc upon normal functions. 



Perez has pointed out that before a female becomes conscious of its 

 functional duties, incident to the development of eggs, it will not 

 perform any of its usual functions, and that in cases where the devel- 

 opment of the ovary is arrested there is seldom any attempt to carry 

 pollen, or build, or furnish nests. The case of the bee just cited may 

 possibly be an exception, but the writer finds that a great many of 

 the females of Andrena crawfordi which are parasitized have consid- 

 erable pollen on their legs. 

 84359— Bull. 66—09 4 



