176 BULLETIN 66, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



66. Larvae issuing away from food — 



(Strepsiptera) 1 „, 



(Tachinidae) / 



6c. Larvae nourished by parent and issuing ready for pupation; adults parasitic 



on warm-blooded animals: Pupipara. 

 6c?. Offspring issuing as adults; adults parasitic on insects: Pediculoides. 



1. Larvae omnivorous, predaceous, and scavengers (precocious), as, for example, Blat- 



toidea, Mantoidea, etc. (aa). 

 Larvae feeding on decaying matter, scavengers (aa) : . . . 2. 



2. Adults not parasitic: Dermestidae, other Coleoptera, Diptera (16). 

 Adults parasitic on warm-blooded animals: Suctoria (16). 



3. Larvae generally vegetation feeders; eggs laid in ground (precocious), as, for exam- 



ple, Acridoidea (ab). 

 Larvae after first stage parasitic and reliant upon carriers or search to find hosts: 



Meloidae, Rhipiphoridae (ab) 4. 



Strepsiptera (66) 4. 



Ixodoidea (ab) 4. 



Tachinidae (ab, 66) 4. 



4. Larvae phytophagous (ac, ba) 5. 



Larvae zoophagous (ac, ba, 36) 7. 



Larvae scavengers: Sarcophagidae (6a). 



5. Larvae capable of finding food after immediately surrounding supply is exhausted 



(precocious): Homoptera, including some Aphididae (6a), Chrysomelidae, Lepi- 



doptera, Tenthredinidae, Phytonomus (4a). 

 Larvae dependent upon immediate surroundings for food supply: Rhynchophora, 



Bruchidae, etc. (4a). 

 Larvae dependent upon other insects (4a, 6a) 6. 



6. Larvae dependent upon insects of their own species for nourishment (altricious): 



Isoptera, Formicoidea, Vespoidea, Apoidea (5c). 



Larvae dependent upon insects of other species for attention: Aphididae (6a), 

 Coccidae, Aleurodidae (5c) (frequently attended or distributed by ants). 



7. Larvae dependent upon insects of their own species for stored food: Sphecoidea, 



Bembecidae (46). 



Larvae receiving their food at the expense of warm-blooded animals (46) 8. 



Larvae receiving their food at the expense of other insects (46, 36) 9. 



8. Larvae externally parasitic upon warm-blooded animals: Ixodoidea, Mallophaga, 



Parasitica (76). 

 Larvae internally parasitic in warm-blooded animals: Oestridae (76). 



9. Larvae feeding upon food stored for other insects (commensals) (7c): termitophila, 



myrmecophila. 

 Larvae feeding upon other insects (7c) 10. 



10. Larvae feeding externally upon host (ectozoic) (96) 11. 



Larvae feeding internally upon host (endozoic) (96) 12. 



11. Larvae compelled to seek or be carried to host: Rhipiphoridae, Meloidae (10a, 36). 

 Larvae hatching in reach of host: Ichneumonidea, Chalcidoidea (10a). 



12. Pupation outside of dead host: Sarcophagidae (6a), Ichneumonoidea, Chalcidoidea 



(106). 

 Pupation within the skin of dead host: Tachinidae, Ichneumonidae (106). 

 Pupation within host, female never leaving host, which matures and does not die 



until the progeny of the parasite are distributed: Strepsiptera (106, 66). 



Although this table makes no attempt to comprehend all the vari- 

 ous types of metamorphosis in insects, it is believed that it shows 

 satisfactorily that the Strepsiptera represent the nearest approach 

 to true permanent parasitism that is to be found in insects. 



