ANAKTUVUK PASS 117 



On this basis alone, I would not suggest that exilipes make a shorter 

 migration to Anaktuvuk than flammea, but a difference in fatness of 

 the two birds reflects a difference in nutritional state which could well 

 be significant of different migratory habits. It is among such dif- 

 ferences in the physiology and habits of birds that we must look to 

 find expression of the influences which combine those of like race in 

 the patterns of similar flight activity, and which enable them to co- 

 here in their migratory route. 



Loxia leucoptera leucoptera (Gmelin) 



1 male July 10, 1954 weight 21 g. 



Five white-winged crossbills were collected at Hunt Fork in the 

 winter of 1947-1948 and brought to me in spring when the skins could 

 no longer be saved. I saw a flock of about 30 feeding and flying about 

 in their careful method of association in the spruce tops along the 

 Alatna, just north of Helpmejack Creek, early in August 1951. I have 

 also seen them at Bettles and, in March, among the most northern 

 spruce around Ernie Johnson's cabin on the Alatna Malemute. 



Susie Paneak collected one of two crossbills which she found at 

 Itikmalikpuk Creek on July 10, 1954. Simon Paneak recalled seeing 

 one west of Chandler Lake in 1938. The rare records and strangeness 

 of a crossbill's occurrence north of timber cause me to omit the species 

 from the normal avifauna of Anaktuvuk. 



Their Nunamiut name is Pakagik, and they are so familiar at the 

 northern limit of the spruce forests as to deserve mention in relation 

 to the northern area. 



Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus Bonaparte 



6 males 



May 16-July 17 



weight (9), 16.1-19. 

 average 17.8 g. 



1 female, nest 



Jimel3 



weight 21.8 g. 



with eggs 







1 female 



July 2 



weight 14.9 g. 



1 young female 



July 19 



weight 14.6 g. 



Called Ok'pisoyuk by the Nunamiut, which means "staying mostly 

 near willows," Savaimah sparrows are regularly present in summer 

 and I have found them usually near marshy areas. Few are identified 

 because of their unobtrusive behavior, but they are not micommon. 

 Our first recorded observations are May 13, 1949, May 16, 1951, May 25, 

 1952, and May 27, 1954. They are less numerous than Gambel's spar- 

 rows but more common than fox sparrows. In some of the other arctic 

 valleys where the marshy areas are more extensive than at Anaktuvuk 

 the Savannah sparrows are more numerous. 



The nest is neatly and compactly made of fine round grass that di- 

 minished uniformly in diameter toward the lining, where it is inter- 



