MARINE GAMMARIDEAiN AMPHIPODA 409 



organisms like Sancho and Chosroes, which unlike typical phliantids 

 still bear triturative mandibular molars, mandibular palps, well- 

 developed biramous third uropods, free urosomal segments, and, ex- 

 cept for female Sancho, typical uropods 1 and 2. Sancho and Chosroes, 

 however, apparently flex the abdomen under the thorax like phliantids 

 and have somewhat splayed coxae. Temnophlias is linked to Sancho 

 and Chosroes and Gurjanova suggests that all three should be joined 

 together as an entity separate from the Phliantidae and Calliopiidae. 

 Temnophlias has the flexed abdomen, the degradation of the urosome, 

 its appendages and the simplification of mouthparts unlike Sancho 

 and Chosroes, but it difi^ers from the Phliantidae in the (presumably 

 secondary) reduction of the coxae and the extension of the lateral 

 pereonal margins as pleurae, presumably as a substitute for the reduced 

 coxae. In this way Temnophlias resembles various isopods like Munna 

 and Pleurogonium and amphipods like Podocerus. This modification 

 is far more extreme in the unornamented type-species Temnophlias 

 capensis K. H. Barnard (1916) than its so-called congener, T. hystrix 

 K. H. Barnard (1954) which has a thick, triquetral body with strong 

 dorsal ornamentation and bifidly acuminate coxae. 



I suggest that Sancho and Chosroes together should be allocated to 

 a new family and Temnophlias to another new family in recognition of 

 these strong differences from Calliopiidae, Phliantidae, and each other. 

 Temnophlias can be segregated from Phliantidae by the munnid-like 

 body which seems to be a secondary depression and lateral pleuroniza- 

 tion of a cylindrioid body. In this respect Temnophlias may be 

 more closely related to the cylindrioid Eophliantidae than to the 

 Phliantidae. 



Key to the Genera of Phliantidae 



1. Palp of maxilliped 2-articulate (fig. 147/) Temnophlias 



Palp of maxilliped 3-articulate (fig. 147g) 2 



Palp of maxilliped 4-articulate (fig. 147e) 4 



2. Uropod 3 "biramous" Phlias 



Uropod 3 not biramous 3 



3. Lobes of maxilla 2 coalesced (fig. 146d), maxilla 1 lacking palp (fig. 146/). 



Pereionotus 

 Lobes of maxilla 2 separate (fig. 146e), maxilla 1 with spine representing palp. 



Palinnotus 



4. Gnathopods subchelate or male gnathopod 2 chelate 5 



Gnathopods simple 6 



5. Maxilla 1 lacking palp; pleopod 3 apparently with rami subequal to each 



other and with about seven setose articles each; uropod 3 with one ramus. 



Ceina 



Maxilla 1 with palp; pleopod 3 with vestigial, short, oval rami lacking setae; 



uropod 3 lacking rami Plioplateia 



