'with reference to Landscape-Gardetiing. 235 



the mass that they will form, the landscape-gardener generally 

 considers that he has finished his work. I have known, and do 

 know, instances where clumps have been marked out, and where 

 the proprietor, wishing to encourage the oak on his grounds, 

 has had them planted with a promiscuous assemblage of the dif- 

 ferent species of that tree; which, thus planted, have produced a 

 confused and bad effect — whereas a little attention to their distri- 

 bution would have marked distinctly their different characters, 

 and given a botanical interest to the whole. Figs. 24. and 25, 

 will show a mode of planting the trees in masses, so as to dis- 

 play the effect of each species, and yet to combine the different 

 kinds so as to form a whole. In these figures, a is the English oak; 

 b, the Turkey; c, the Lucombe; d, the scarlet; e, the Fulham; 

 fi the /lex ; g, the variegated English ; and h, the cork tree. 



The arrangement here shown is not perhaps the best manner 

 of classification, and other and more imposing groups might be 

 formed even with the oak only. Still, any such mode of plant- 

 ing is superior to a confused distribution ; and, when it is adopted, 

 even a common observer would be struck with conspicuous trees 

 in plantations : the eye, in fact, of any man would be more na- 

 turally directed to a few larches on a prominent point, or to a 

 wood of Scotch pines, than if the pines and larches were planted 

 alternately, so as to form one mass. 



There are situations where it is useless to attempt the intro- 

 duction of rare trees, or even of the most important kinds of 

 forest timber; and yet where, to form objects in the landscape, 

 it is necessary to plant, and also where the situation is only 

 eligible for the commoner Coniferse. Thus, in the masses in 

 Jigs. 26. and 27., / i may be the Scotch pine ; Jc^ the larch ; /, the 

 spruce fir ; m^ stone pine ; w, the pinaster ; o, the silver fir ; p, 

 the Weymouth pine ; and q, the Balm of Gilead. 



Where houses are built in the midst of romantic scenery, 

 by the sides of rivers or ravines, or on rocky eminences, the op- 

 posite and surrounding scenery may sometimes be much im- 

 proved, without absolutely destroying its wild character, by the 

 introduction and grouping of foreign as well as native plants. 

 Thus, in^^. 28., oaks may be planted at r, pine or firs at s, and 

 beech at t ; while for low growths there may be hazel at u, yel- 

 low broom at u, sloe thorns at w, scarlet thorns at x, rhododen- 

 drons at 3/, white broom at 2;, and double-flowering furze at Sj-. 



The above remarks are founded on the principle of the " Re- 

 cognition of Art" so ably defined in X. 558., to which I would 

 refer for arguments in favour of my observations ; always wishing 

 it to be understood that the same principles are at all times ap- 

 plicable, although governed and varied by circumstances. I 

 have not attempted to show what can be done by the vast variety 



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