393 Directions for drawing Trees and 



are less than an inch across, a flower, fruit, or leaf of the natural 

 size is given ; and, to distinguish these full-sized specimens 

 from such as are drawn to a scale of 2 in. to a foot, those of the 

 full size are marked with a cross, thus +. Where a tree is of 

 one sex, or has the sexes in different flowers on the same tree, 

 the male flowers are marked by an m, and the female flowers by 

 an J". In one or two cases, it has been deemed useful to give 

 magnified specimens of flowers or their parts ; in which cases the 

 letters mag. are added to show this. Where the tree is deciduous, 

 a specimen of the young wood, as it appears in winter, is given 

 to the same scale of 2 in. to a foot. These requisites show that 

 nearly a whole year is required, in order to draw properly the 

 botanical specimens of any one tree. 



Supposing the botanical specimens to have been all drawn on 

 the same page, at such distances from each other, and fi-om such- 

 sized shoots or twigs as may have been convenient for the 

 draughtsman ; they can afterwards be selected and properly 

 arranged, either at the bottom of the tree, if it should not be so 

 large as to fill nearly the whole page, as in ^g. 61. (Quercus 

 pedunculata) ; or partly at the bottom, and partly alongside of 

 the tree, as in Jig. S^. {Ailantus glandulosa). 



The draughtsman may now be considered as having got his 

 directions, as far as respects scale ; and, therefore, we shall next 

 proceed to the mode which we recommend for drawing the trees 

 on the prepared pages; premising that, except for the pur- 

 pose of impi'ovement, we do not invite any one to draw or to send 

 us drawings of botanical specimens ; because it will be far less 

 trouble to them send us the specimens themselves. These may 

 be either loosely packed in live moss, very slightly moistened, 

 and enclosed in an air-tight tin case, in which way we have 

 received specimens from Vienna and from Philadelphia in a state 

 perfectly fit to draw from ; or the specimens may be dried and 

 sent in a letter by post, in which way we have received spe- 

 cimens of the female flowers of salisburia from Geneva, and of 

 the male flowers of maclura from New York. When specimens 

 are properly pressed and dried, it is astonishing what a number 

 may be sent in a letter. In one frank, we have received from 

 Elgin dried specimens of six sorts of birch. We have also 

 received beautiful specimens from the Earl of Coventry's arbo- 

 I'etum at Croome in this manner. Even cuttings of trees fit for 

 striking may be sent by post, not merely from one part of 

 Britain to another, but from Paris and Brussels to London, of 

 which we have recently had two proofs. The paper forming the 

 envelope of specimens intended as cuttings for propagation 

 should be saturated with grease or any fixed oil, in order to pre- 

 vent the evaporation of the water contained in the specimen. But 

 to return to our trees: — 



