White Knights, Farnham Castle. 503 



C. lucida, are all decidedly mere varieties of C. Crus-galli. Some 

 of these names, indeed, are mere synonymes. A number of trees, 

 which appear very distinct in their foliage when in a young state 

 in the nurseries, acquire so great a sameness after they have 

 been planted thirty or forty years, as to show that they are mere 

 varieties : this we found to be particularly the case with some 

 varieties of the lime tree, which are certainly very distinct in the 

 Horticultural Society's Garden, but which, at White Knight's, 

 seem all to be included in Tilia europae^a parvifolia, T. e. grandi- 

 folia, T. americana, and T. a. pubescens. The smooth and the 

 rough Amei'ican limes appear to become quite the same after a 

 certain age. The Swedish and British junipers, also, appear 

 here to be decidedly the same. But we should fill the whole 

 Number, if we were to detail all the observations which we made 

 on trees at this place. We shall therefore conclude with one 

 remark, which is, that, as there is no particular arrangement fol- 

 lowed in planting the trees at White Knights, it is much to be 

 regretted that those species which grow naturally in damp situ- 

 ations were not placed in the lowest parts of the ground; be- 

 cause, in such a dry season as the present, where peat earth 

 plants occur on rising grounds, they are burnt up : this was 

 particularly the case at White Knights, with the deciduous mag- 

 nolias, the Cornus florida, and the rhododendrons, azaleas, &c. 

 On the other hand, the marshy ground adjoining of the great 

 pond is planted with the commoner forest trees, and with pines, 

 firs, and junipers, all of which grow best in dry soils. Such 

 errors in the progress of an art are unavoidable; but it is the 

 duty of the rising generation, to turn to account the mistakes of 

 their predecessors. It is also Hjuch to be regretted, that the 

 indigenous and common trees at White Knights are not thinned 

 out from among the exotics : for, in a few years, a great number 

 of the latter will be destroyed by them. We have no sympathy 

 with that indiscriminate love of trees which would plant anything 

 and everything, and would cut down nothing ; leaving the 

 stronger, which, of course, are the common indigenous sorts, to de- 

 stroy the more choice ones, which are always the weakest. What- 

 ever is artificial requires the continual superintendence of art. 



Farnham Castle ; the Lord Bishop of Winchester. — This is a 

 place of very considerable interest. The present bishop, being 

 a scientific botanist, and much attached to gardening, has made 

 great improvements in the grounds about the castle. The old 

 walls, the keep, the ramparts, and other places which formed 

 part of the original fortification, and were, till lately, covered 

 with weeds and bushes, he has converted into ornamental walks, 

 commanding extensive prospects over the town and adjoining 

 country, and bordered with exotic flowers and climbing shrubs. 

 An old kitchen-garden he has turned into a flower-garden, and 



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