and of Rural Improvement, during 1835. 631 



cemet will be given in our succeeding volume. The Russian 

 nobles in the neighbourhood of Moscow are quite alive to hor- 

 ticultural improvement, some notices of which have been furnished 

 to us by M. Fintelmann, one of the imperial gardeners, who has 

 recently been in Britain for the purpose of inspecting our gar- 

 dens, and increasing the collection under his care. He made 

 purchases in London, Edinburgh, and Dublin ; and we were 

 surprised to learn from him the very considerable number of 

 trees and shrubs which will stand the open air at Moscow. A 

 list of these will be found in our Arboretum Britannicum. 



To Poland, as connected with Russia, we turn with regret, nay, 

 horror.* A Polish nobleman, now in London, informs us that the 

 Botanic Garden of Warsaw was almost destroyed during the siege 

 of the city, and that the garden at Cracow is without funds. Agri- 

 culture, though at a low ebb, is expected to recover ; but, in con- 

 sequence of the want of confidence, it will be long before much 

 capital will be risked in improving the ground. In Poland and 

 Russia the government is but little acted upon either by the 

 public opinion of the governed, or by that of other countries ; 

 but, as this cannot always be the case, and as the ratio of im- 

 provement is of unknown rapidity when it is once commenced, 

 the kingdom of Poland may be reestablished, and the inhabit- 

 ants of Russia sooner united to the European family, than the 

 deplorable state of the former, and the barbarous state of the 

 latter, would lead one to imagine. 



Switzerland. — In this delightful country botany and garden- 

 ing were early cultivated ; and they have lately made great ad- 

 vances, as will appear by a communication on the subject by 

 M. Alphonse DeCandolle in our succeeding volume. 



Most of the different States of Italy have botanic gardens, but 

 we know little respecting any of them. Very great improve- 

 ments have been made in the viceregal gardens of Monza, 

 as appears by the interesting communication of Sr. G. Ma- 

 netti. (p. 639.) The royal . gardens at Caserta are still kept 

 up, and contain some splendid specimens, some account of 

 which is given in a letter from our correspondent at Naples, 

 (p. 151.) There ai'e also some gardens occupied by Englishmen 

 in the neighbourhood of Naples, as, for example, that belonging 

 to the Hon. Keppel Craven, in which Australian trees have 

 attained an extraordinary size. 



In Spain, we learn from the very interesting Sketches of Capt. 

 S. E. Cook, that public gardens and promenades are forming 

 round many of the large towns; that government is laying out 

 roads in almost every part of the country; and that, on the 



* See the leading article of the Morning Chronicle of Nov. 14, 1835; and 

 also of Nov. 20. 



z z 4 



