640 Ornamental Gardening in Lomhardy. 



Chionanthus virginica, Cornus florida, Cupressus /(hyoides, Tax- 

 odium distichum, Z)iospyros virginiana, Castanea piimila ; jPrax- 

 inus americana, nigra, j^'uglandifolia, pubescens, sambucifblia; 

 Gleditschm triacanthos, Gordonm Lasianthus, Gymn6cladus 

 canadensis, Halesm tetraptera, Hamamelis virginica, Carya alba; 

 Juglans P^c/taw, cinerea ; Kalmm latifblia; Zaurus Borb6nz«, 

 Benzdi7i, Sassafras ; Liquidambar styraciflua, peregrinum [? im- 

 berbe] ; Liriodendron Tulipifera, Symphoria glomerata ; Mag- 

 nolm grandiflora, glauca, acuminata, tripetala ; Cratse^gus coc- 

 cinea, Crus-galli, lucida ; Cotoneaster tomentosa, and Amelanchier 

 ^otryapium : ilforus rubra, ikfyrica cerifera ; Nyss« aquatica, 

 sylvatica; Plnus »Str6bus, Tae^da, echinata; ^^bies balsamifera, 

 canadensis ; Z-arix rubra and alba ; Populus canadensis, hetero- 

 phylla; Cerasus Padus americana, virginiana, canadensis, pil- 

 mila; Quercus Phellos, Prinus, nigra, aquatica, pumila, rubra, 

 alba, palustris: i?hus glabra, typhina; Robin m Pseud --dfcacia, 

 hispida; iSpirae^a tomentosa, /zypericifolia, opulifolia; Staphylea 

 trifolia, Stuartm virginica, Phuja occidentalis ; Ptelea americana, 

 caroliniana ; t/'lmus americana, and Xanthoxylumyi'axineum. 



The laying out of the park at Monza gave a new impetus to 

 the love of ornamental gardening; and the rich showed a desire 

 to have their gardens ornamented with trees that were not natives 

 of our soil. 



The governor of Lombardy at that time, seeing that there was 

 a great want of ligneous plants in the country, formed, in 1808, 

 a kind of institution, resembling that at the Luxemburg, for dif- 

 fusing the best varieties of fruits, and of foreign and indigenous 

 species of trees that might be useful in the arts. 



The first journey made to Paris, in 1811, by the late M. Vil- 

 laresi, director of these gardens, was of great use to our arbore- 

 tum; but, unfortunately, at that time botanical geography was not 

 well known ; and though a great number of plants were brought 

 home, they were planted from ignorance in soil that did not suit 

 them. The magnolia, for instance, was planted in a rich but not 

 marshy or moist soil, by which means it grew but slowlj^ drooped, 

 and at last died. The art of gardening being practised, in Lom- 

 bardy, chiefly by unskilful gardeners, many of whom, perhaps, 

 could scarcely read, it did not make much progress; and I am sorry 

 to say that their errors were generally promulgated until a plan 

 for educating young gardeners was thought of by the viceroy, who, 

 aware of their general ignorance, instituted a school for twelve 

 gardening pupils, and appointed me to give instruction to them 

 in the elements of physic, botany, meteorology, horticulture, 

 chemistry as applied to horticulture, geometry, drawing plans, 

 and arithmetic. 



It was not till 1814 that an establishment was formed at Milan, 



