650 Remarks on laying out 



these episodical walks should never exceed one third of the 

 width of the main walks, and that they should always proceed 

 from the main walks at right angles, so as not to seem to invite 

 the stranger to walk in them. By attending to these two rules, 

 there would never be any danger of a stranger mistaking an 

 episodical walk for a main walk. 



The next principle which we shall mention is, that of Variety, 

 on which very little need be said. It is obvious, that, to excite 

 attention and to keep alive interest, one kind of scene must 

 succeed another ; and that this difference in the kind of scenery 

 produced constitutes what is called variety; without which no- 

 thing can please for any length of time. 



The next principle to be attended to is, that of Relation, or 

 Order. Scenes in a garden should not succeed one another at 

 random, but according to some principle of succession, founded 

 on the nature of the scenes to be exhibited ; and this order of 

 succession should be recognisable from the first by the spectator, 

 in the same manner as the first strain of a piece of music enables 

 the hearer to form some idea of what is to follow. The spec- 

 tator ought never to be taken violently by surprise, or startled ; 

 for that is the character of the lowest degree of art, In a zoo- 

 logical garden, the visiter should not be led from a cage of canary 

 birds to a den of lions, without passing through the interme- 

 diate gradations of birds and of quadrupeds ; and, in a botanical 

 garden, he should not pass at once from plants of the torrid, 

 to those of the frigid, zone, where the arrangement is geo- 

 graphical ; nor from i?anunculacese to ferns and mosses, where it 

 is scientific. In a picturesque garden, level, rocky^ hilly, and 

 lake scenery should not follow each other at random, nor in 

 such a manner as to produce violent contrasts, but according to 

 consistency and truth. 



These principles, fully understood, will be sufficient for our 

 general guidance in laying out all the different descriptions of 

 public gardens we have mentioned ; and we shall now indicate 

 the manner in which they may be applied to each; introducing, 

 where it is required, particular principles, such as those of the 

 picturesque, the gardenesque, &c., as guides for the creation of 

 particular scenes. 



PUBLIC PROMENADES. 



These, in general, occupy narrow strips of land in the vicinity 

 of towns, along a river, on a hill side, on a ridge, or simply on 

 flat ground, bordered by trees. For carriages or horses, the roads 

 should be made never less than 20 ft. wide, but from 30 ft. to 

 50 ft. is much better. For pedestrians, the walks should never 

 be less than 10 ft. wide, but they may vary to 30 ft., according 

 to the population of the place, and the extent of the grounds. 



