Landscape- Gardens. Q65 



formed by eminent artists, it is necessary always to bear in mind 

 the difference between the gardenesque and the picturesque; 

 that is, between a plantation made merely for picturesque effect, 

 and another made for gardenesque effect. Gardenesque effect 

 in plantations is much too little attended to for the beauty of the 

 trees and shrubs, whether individually or collectively; and pic- 

 turesque effect is not generally understood by gardeners. In 

 planting, thinning, and pruning, in order to produce the former 

 effect, the beauty of every individual tree and shrub, as a single 

 object, is to be taken into consideration, as well as the beauty of 

 the mass; while in planting, thinning, and pruning, for picturesque 

 effect, the beauty of individual trees and shrubs is of little con- 

 sequence ; because no tree or shrub, in a picturesque plantation 

 or scene, should stand isolated ; each should be considered as 

 merely forming part of a group or mass. When planted, the 

 trees and shrubs should be scattered over the ground in the most 

 irregular manner, both in their disposition with reference to their 

 immediate effect as plants, and with reference to their future 

 effect as trees and shrubs. In some places trees should prevail, 

 in others shrubs ; in some parts the plantation should be thick, 

 in others it should be thin ; two or three trees, or a tree and 

 shrub, ought often to be planted in one hole, and this more 

 especially on lawns, over which trees and shrubs are to be scat- 

 tered in the picturesque manner. Where, on the contrary, they 

 are to be scattered in the gardenesque manner, every tree and 

 shrub should stand singly; as in the geometrical manner they 

 should stand in regular lines, or in some geometrical figure. In 

 the gardenesque there may be single trees and single shrubs ; 

 but there can be no such thing as a single tree in the picturesque. 

 Every tree, in the picturesque style of laying out grounds, 

 must always be grouped with something else, if it should be 

 merely a shrub, a twiner, or a tuft of grass or other plants at 

 its root. In the gardenesque, the beauty of the isolated tree 

 consists in the perfect manner in which it is grown ; in the pic- 

 turesque, the beauty of a tree or shrub, as of every other object 

 in the landscape, consists in its fitness to group with other ob- 

 jects. Now, the fitness of one object to group with another 

 evidently does not consist in the perfection of the form of that 

 object, but rather in that imperfection which requires another 

 object to render it complete. It would be absurd, because it 

 would counteract the end in view, to plant an arboretum on the 

 principle of the picturesque ; and on a lawn, with a natural 

 forest in the middle distance, it would be equally absurd to plant 

 trees in the gardenesque manner in the foreground, because, 

 when so planted, they could never harmonise with the trees in 

 the natural forest adjoining. 



A piece of natural scenery, imitated according to the prin- 



