62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. Tt 



rings shown in Plate 34, 8-9 may be regarded as hastily improvised 

 potrests. A charred oak stem (312328) with four branches, the two 

 unbroken having rounded tips, could have served as a vertical sup- 

 port for hanging various articles. 



Figure 18 shows a not uncommon type of loom anchor — an oak 

 branch, knotted and tied with yucca, and buried so that the loop 

 lay just below the floor level. 



OBJECTS OF BONE 



Awls (pi. 38, 1-8). — Of the 11 awls in our col- 

 lection, only one (1) is of bird bone, and that the 

 tibiotarsus of a turkey. The longest (2), with its 

 specialized point, and the two rounded specimens 

 (7-8), are worthy of note; the others are mere 

 splinters and cut sections of mammal bones, shaped 

 by abrasion on sandstone. Figure 19 illustrates a 

 needle whose drilled eye is so small as to take but a 

 single yucca fiber. 



Flesliers. — The three typical examples in Plate 

 38, 9-11, are all of deer bone, the larger two from 

 the femur. 



Miscellaneous hones. — From almost every Pueblo 

 ruin come diverse bones and fragments, manj'' of 

 which show at least some slight evidence of modi- 

 fication by human agencies. Only two such pieces 



FiGUEE 19.— B0NE3 j. ■ 1 Jt iU "O x x % • x' 



NEEDLE were retained from the Betatakm excavations: 



(1) The humerus of a turkey from which both 

 condyles were removed (312377), and (2) the cannon bone of a deer 

 (312381), partially split by sawing on each side with flint tools. 

 In addition, there is an unworked fragment of mountain-sheep horn 

 (312382). A drilled block and two spindle whorls of horn were 

 noted in a preceding paragraph. 



OBJECTS OF VEGETAL ORIGIN 



Brushes (pi. 39, 1-3). — The three specimens illustrated are com- 

 posed of what appears to be cedar bark, completely charred (1), 

 trimmed yucca leaves (2), and wire grass (3). Each is tied with a 

 shred of yucca leaf. Brushes were employed in combing one's 

 hair and in sweeping floors and, often enough, the two ends of a 

 single specimen served these two entirely unlike purposes. 



Cordage. — ^As is well known, most cliff-dweller cord was made of 

 yucca fiber, that handy material so generously distributed throughout 

 the greater part of the Southwest. The bundles figured in Plate 



