4 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77 



California are closely related, and a number of species are common 

 to the two areas both fossil and Recent: Guttulina orientalis, Poly- 

 morphina charlottensis, and others. The Miocene of the Florida 

 region and that of central Europe have certain species in common. 

 The Eocene of the Paris Basin and allied areas are related to that 

 similar age in America and the Miocene of Australia. The Torto- 

 nian Miocene of central Europe is related to the Pliocene of Italy 

 and to the Recent fauna of the Mediterranean. Some of the 

 Oligocene species of Germany are very close to or identical with those 

 of the Cooper marl, upper Eocene of South Carolina, but not equally 

 related to those of the Jackson of the Gulf Region. 



An interesting relation is that shown between the living fauna of 

 the Carolina coast and that of the warm area of the Philippines, for 

 example, not in shallow-water forms but in those of a hundred 

 fathoms or more. 



The fossil fauna of Trinidad has some very peculiar relationships 

 with those of other regions. Some of the species of the Trinidad 

 Eocene are much like those now living in the Philippine region, and 

 in many respects the fauna has an Indo-Pacific relationship. 



The Cretaceous faunas of Europe and America, especially of Mexico 

 and the United States, have much in common. Yet each area in 

 addition to species in common has certain specialized species of its own. 



One of the interesting facts in regard to distribution brought 

 out in our studies is the peculiar distribution of Globulina. While 

 the genus was widely distributed in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary, 

 it is much restricted in later times and in the present oceans. 

 Globulina gibba, for example, while it is extremely common through 

 the Miocene, becomes rare in the Pliocene and in the present oceans, 

 not occurring at all in the Pacific and restricted to the Mediterranean 

 and the Eastern Atlantic. 



CLOCKWISE OR CONTRACLOCKWISE ARRANGEMENT OF 



CHAMBERS 



In most of the Polymorphinidae the chambers are arranged, at 

 least in the early stages, in a spiral, quinqueloculine or sigmoid series. 

 In each of these series there are two different plans of arrangement; 

 those are clockwise and contraclockwise. In the present paper a 

 clockwise or contraclockwise arrangement of chambers is used in 

 the sense of the direction in which each succeeding chamber is 

 added when a specimen is viewed from the base. In a spiral spe- 

 cies there is no difficulty in determining the direction of the spiral 

 series. In those species having either a quinqueloculine or sigmoid 

 arrangement of the chambers they are separated into two series 

 for purposes of convenience. Therefore in this case the term clock- 

 wise or contraclockwise series is based on the direction of the arrange- 



