TVestwood's Entomologist's Text-Book, 3 1 



"Benefits and Injuries from Insects. Insects used as food, &c. Use of 

 insects in the general economy of nature. Obnoxious powers of insects. 

 Plague of flies. Musquito harvest bug. Insects attacking man, furniture, 

 provisions, growing crops, and trees. Remedies against insects. 



" Modes of Research. Amateur collector. Collecting apparatus. Ravages 

 of Anthreni. Nomenclaturist. Generalised views of entomology requisite. 

 Investigation of the names of insects. Out-door entomologist, and observer 

 of nature. Advantages of studying from the life. Structure dependent upon 

 habits. Character of the true naturalist. 



" Relations of Bisects. Affinity and analogy. Instances of these relations. 

 Proof of a system. Difficulties of the natural system. Number of insect 

 species. 



" Classification and Nomenclature of Insects. Uses of nomenclature. Series 

 of nature. Constancy of species. Varieties. Specific names. Generic 

 names. Rise of entomological science. Aristotle and the ancients. Revival 

 of letters. Redi, Swammerdam, &c. Linnaeus, Fabricius, Latreille. Nature 

 of modern researches. British authors. Entomological societies. 



" Chap. I. On the Extent and Application of the term Insect. Leading 

 characters. Linnaean sub-kingdom retained. Division into classes, p. 76. to 79. 



" Chap. ii. Class I. Crustacea. History. Relations. Characters. Ty- 

 pical organisation. Nomenclature of organs. Senses. Moulting. Meta- 

 morphoses. Distribution into orders. Orders I. to vm., with their sub-orders 

 described, p. 80. to 122. 



Chap. in. Class n. Arachnida. History. Character. Senses. Circu- 

 lation. Classification. Order i. Dimerosomata. Webs of spiders. Re- 

 puted bird-killing spiders. Tarantula. Orders n. to v. described, p. 125. 

 to 148. 



" Chap. iv. Class in. Ametabola. History. Arrangement. Orders I. 

 to iv. described, p. 150. to 159. 



"Chap. v. Class iv. Ptilota, or Winged Insects. Characters, p. 163. 



" Sect. i. On the principles which regulate the metamorphoses of insects. 

 Views of Swammerdam, Herold, and Kirby. Ditto of Virey. p. 164. to 166. 



" Sect. ii. The peculiarities exhibited by insects in their passage to the 

 perfect state. Various stages of developement. p. 169. to 170. 



" Subsect. i. The egg. Eggs deposited in nests. Number and form of 

 eggs. Instinct of female in providing for, and protecting her young, p. 171. 

 to 177. 



" Subsect. ii. The larva. Uniformity of structure. Monomorphous larvae. 

 Heteromorphous larvae. Head of larva and its appendages. Other segments 

 of larvae. Analogies of larva?. Voracity of larvae. Colours and growth of 

 larvae, p. 179. to 192. 



" Subsect. iii. The pupa. Varieties of the pupa. Latreille's arrange- 

 ment from metamorphoses. Newman's ditto. Observations thereon. Me- 

 tamorphosis inchoata. Metamorphosis dimidiata. Metamorphosis perfecta 

 Chrysalides. Segments of pupae. Arrangement of limbs in pupas. Duration 

 of pupa state. Cocoons.' Cocoon of silkworm, &c. Escape of imago from 

 pupa. Anomalous deviations, p. 194. to 224. 



" Sect. in. The general structure of insects as especially exhibited in their 

 perfect state, p. 225. 



" Subsect. i. External anatomy. Segments of the body. a. The head. Cly- 

 peus. Head organs. Composite eyes. Ocelli. Antennas. Mouth. Varieties 

 of mouth. Labrum. Mandibles. Maxillae. Labium and mentum. B. The 

 thorax. Its division into three segments. Upper and under surface. Pro- 

 thorax. Mesothorax. Metathorax. Wings. («) Markings of wings. Mem- 

 branaceous wings. (6) Tegmina. (c) Hemelytra. (d) Elytra. (<?) Hem- 

 elytra, (e) Halteres. (/) Pseudhalteres. Legs. c. The abdomen, p. 225. 

 to 289. 



" Subsect. ii. Internal Anatomy, a. The nervous system. Want of sense of 

 pain in insects. Senses of insects. («) Sense of sight, (b) Sense of hearing. 



