mid Us Effects on the Plants there. 67 



lobatum, neapolitanum, pennsylvanicum, LobelzV, cretlcum ; Ne- 

 gimdof r&x'miftA'mm var. crispum ; O'rnus europae^a, rotundifolia ; 

 Ailantus glandulosa, Salisbiirm «diantif61ia, Gymnocladus 

 canadensis, Planera Richard?, O'strya vulgaris, Madura auran- 

 tiaca; Primus nigra, serotina ; Cotoneaster affinis, acuminata, 

 Nummularia, and [?] uniflora; species of Calycanthus, Hydran- 

 gea j'uercifolia, Pieoma Moidan, Rhododendron sp., Azalea sp. 

 (under a slight covering), iSpirse v a bella and ariaefolia, Celtis, 

 Colutea (which are generally killed down every year, even to 

 the root stock ? Wurzel Stock), GleditschzVz, Amorpha, Sophbra 

 japonica, Xanthoxylum /raxineum, hibiscus syriacus, and all 

 the kinds of Ribes. There was no particular injury done to the 

 roses, except a few of the most valuable kinds. The kinds of 

 the pine and fir tribe which can be grown here stood the winter 

 well ; such as Pinus Strobus, canadensis, balsamea, [?] mariana, 

 Pinaster, Laricio, rigida; Juniperus virginiana, prostrata ; Thuja 

 occidentalis (T. orientalis and Taxodium distichum never at- 

 tain a great age here). The fruit trees only suffered from the 

 late frosts ; at the same time, in many places, there are apples, 

 apricots, and green gages and other plums, in abundance. On 

 removing the winter covering of beech leaves from plants in the 

 open air, they were almost all found alive, and in a healthy state : 

 and it excited not a little astonishment, to find small plants alive, 

 that had been entirely left to their fate ; such as, for example, 

 some species of Calceolaria, Verbena, several Neapolitan Cruci- 

 ferse and .Liliaceas, R6hde« japonica, O'xalis crassicaulis ; Pole- 

 monium mexicanum, pulchellum; jLysimachia dubia,«nagalloides; 

 Michauxm campanuloides; Perula neapolitana, tingitana; iSeseli 

 buchtormense, gummiferum; Teucriwn il/arum, orientale; A'xx- 

 themis nobilis romana, species of Lidtris, and many others. 



The aquarium, covered in the most simple manner, did not 

 freeze in the least, which was partly owing to the uninterrupted 

 flow of the water ; all the plants it contained were found in 

 a good state, and even Calla asthiopica and iVymphae v a caerulea 

 were found alive. 



From these few remarks, the favourable result of the effect of 

 the winter on the plants here may be readily perceived, and I 

 shall consider myself fortunate if I never live to see one more 

 destructive. 



In the night of the 18th of August, after a beautiful sunny 

 evening, the temperature became so low, that the thermometer, 

 on the 19th, at 4 o'clock in the morning, in the botanic garden, 

 was at 1° below zero Reaum. (30° Fahr.) In the gardens in the 

 suburbs,, and in the adjacent fields, a strong hoar frost was per- 

 ceived, but no material injury was effected. It was a very rare 

 occurrence at this time of the year, and the more so, because we 

 had had dry warm weather for many days previous, accompanied 



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