Ancient History of the Rose. 381 



Pangaeus ; and the neighbouring inhabitants, taking it from this 

 place, cultivated it for profit. The rose called Graeca by the 

 Romans, but by the Greeks Lychnis, had only five petals ; it 

 was of the size of a violet, and grew only in moist situations : 

 it was scentless. The petals of the Rosa Graecula, which were 

 very broad, were rolled or convoluted into a ball ; they did not 

 expand, except when forced by the hand, and had the appear- 

 ance of always growing. The Rosa moscheuton had petals 

 shaped like an olive, and grew upon a stem like that of the mal- 

 low. (" Funditur e caule malvaceo.") The Rosa coroneola was 

 an autumnal rose, and, when compared with other kinds of 

 roses, had a flower of a middle size. All of the above-men- 

 tioned roses, according to Pliny, were destitute of fragrance, with 

 the exception of the R. coroneola. The Praenestine and Campa- 

 nian roses obtained their names from their respective localities. 

 The Trachinian rose appears to have been a native of Thessaly, 

 and grew near the city of Heraclea, called also Trachinia. The 

 Milesian and Alabandic roses were probably foreign kinds ; the 

 former deriving its appellation from Miletus, a city in the Island 

 of Crete, where it was first found ; the latter from Alabanda, a 

 city of Caria, in Asia Minor. 



Mentzelius, in his Lexicon Plantarum, regards the Praenestine, 

 Trachinian, and Milesian as varieties of what he calls the Rosa 

 rubra saccharina ; which he considers the same as the R. Grae- 

 cula of Pliny. Mentzelius and Clusius both agree in calling the 

 Milesian rose, the Rosede Provence. Ferrarius, in his work 

 entitled Flora, sen de Florum Cultnra, states that the rose 

 called by him " Rosa alba multiplex " has, by different authors, 

 been regarded as either the Rosa spineola, Campana, or Alaban- 

 dica of Pliny. He says, also, that some authors consider the 

 Rosa damascena multiplex to be same as the Rosa coroneola, 

 while others, again, think it is the Rosa spineola, mentioned by 

 Pliny. 



The flower enumerated among the roses by Pliny, and which 

 was called by the Romans R. Graeca, but by the Greeks Kv^yig 

 (Lychnis), is the flower mentioned by Dioscorides under the 

 name Au%v)g crTs(pavco[xarix.Yi, or Lychnis coronaria. It is ge- 

 nerally considered to have been a species of our present genus 

 .Lychnis, commonly known as the rose campion. Dioscori- 

 des says, the " kvyyig <rTeQ>uvc»[j,oiTUiY) is a flower resembling 

 the white violet, but of a purple colour." It was woven into 

 crowns, hence called o-Ts^avw^aTjx^, or coronaria. 



There is one other rose mentioned by Pliny, but not classed 

 by him with the kinds most celebrated among the Romans, 

 namely the Rosa sylvestris. This rose, called also Cynorhodon, 

 by Pliny, and by Scribonius Largus R. canina, grew upon a 

 briar, according to the former author, and had a leaf resembling 



