chiefly between London and Sheffield. 



MS 



109 



L 



73 



the mortise wider at one end than 

 the other, as indicated in Jig. 109.; 

 in which a is a section of the mor- 

 tise, b the end of the bar which is 

 fitted into it, and c a wedge, which, 

 by keeping the tenon of the bar in 

 its place, effectually prevents it from 

 being drawn out. The hinges of 

 such a gate are much less costly 

 than the common ones, and the 

 gate bars are preserved their full 

 strength at the tenons. Two 

 wrought-iron rods pass from the 

 bottom of the falling style though the top of the hanging style, where they 

 are made fast by nuts on their screwed ends, by which nuts they can be 

 drawn up as tight as may be desired. The wrought-iron rods at the lower 

 end are passed through a thin wrought-iron plate, which forms a sort of shoe 

 to the falling style. 



Trussing Girders and Rafters by tightly screwing up Iron Rods is a mode 

 frequently practised in the floors and roofs of the works at Milford and Bel- 

 per, and even in the rafters of hot-houses. Something of this kind has been 

 effected by Mr. Mallet of Dublin, for securing certain decayed flooring and 

 partitions, as described in the Architectural Magazine, vol. ii. p. 170. The 

 two modes are exactly the same in principle, and will be easily understood by 

 Jig. 110., taken from Mr. Mallet's article. Messrs. Strutt, to increase the 



110 



power of the rods, lengthen the studs on which they act, and in all cases the 

 iron rods pass through cast-iron plates, shoes, or sockets, into which the ends 

 of the girder, rafter, or joist, are inserted. This mode of raising or support- 

 ing sinking floors or roofs may frequently be of use to gardeners, when their 

 hot-houses or sheds are in a state of decay. 



An Iron Nosing for the Steps of Stairs, or to serve as a kerb for foot 

 pavement in streets, is the next article that occurs to us. The object is to 

 change steps of wood or brick into steps of greater durability than if they 

 were of stone or iron, and at a small expense. For this purpose a nosing, or 

 rebated piece of iron, is made fast to the step of wood by iron studs, or by 

 being let into the walls at the ends of -the steps, and this retains in their place 

 flat tiles of terro-metallic earth, which are much longer before they wear out 

 than any description of stone ; which produce a step much lighter than if 

 the whole were of stone or iron ; and which can be renewed at pleasure. 

 Such steps are well adapted for granaries and other agricultural buildings, and, 

 in some cases, for the stairs of offices to mansions and cottages. The most 

 economical application of this contrivance is, of course, in cases where the 

 steps are made of wood. 



Brick Walls, 1\ in. thick, and fair or smooth on both sides, are frequently 

 used at Belper, not only for partitions, but even for the outside walls of cot- 

 tages and other buildings, and for garden walls. A common 9-inch wall, as 

 every reader of any experience in building knows, can only be built fair on one 

 side ; but T^-inch walls, having no bricks which pass right through the wall, 

 the attention of the bricklayer is only required to one side at a time. These 

 7|-inch walls are formed of bricks of the common size, and of bricks of the 

 same length and thickness, but of only half the width of the common bricks, 

 by which means they can be " worked fair " on both sides. These are laid 



