Kittoe's Indian Architecture. 357 



we think, is particularly well adapted for street architecture ; and hence the 

 dealers in Indian articles are called upon to adopt it in their shop and house 

 fronts. The kind of European architecture which comes nearest that of 

 India is the Gothic ; but the latter is inferior to the former in what may be 

 called constructive decoration ; that is, in ornaments which consist of lines 

 and forms arising out of the arches to the openings, the bases and capitals of 

 the columns, the cornices, the roofs, and all the different kinds of buttresses, 

 towers, domes, pinnacles, and finials. With regard to Indian flower-gardens, 

 the work before us contains six ideas for capital designs. These ideas are 

 taken from the panels of parapets, as, in the Elizabethan and Moorish styles, 

 they are taken from the compartments of ceilings. Architecture is one of 

 those arts, the study of which, next to painting and sculpture, has the greatest 

 tendency to call forth and improve the feeling or faculty of taste; and we are 

 therefore particularly anxious that some attention should be paid to it by 

 gardeners, and especially by such of them as have any pretensions to skill in 

 laying out grounds. We wish that we could see published a collection of 

 specimens calculated to show the general effect and the details of all the prin- 

 cipal styles of architecture that have been adopted in the world, and carried 

 to any degree of perfection ; distinguishing in each the military, ecclesiastic, 

 urban, and villa styles ; and in styles that have been long cultivated, such as 

 the Gothic, the different eras. Such a work at a moderate price, at the 

 present time, would do more towards improving the public taste than almost 

 any other that could be produced. 



Contents. Vignette, a mausoleum in the suburbs of Benares, of the date 

 of Shah Jehan. — The remains of the Palace of Forty Pillars, of the style of 

 architecture of the reign of the Emperor Ackber. This building is of stone, 

 brick, and plaster, with the dome covered with enamelled tiles of various 

 colours; a good hint for covering domes in this country, where cement is used 

 as a substitute for lead. — Ruin of a Mahomedan mosque in the citadel of 

 Jounpur. Its ornaments and details are highly sculptured, and there is a de- 

 tached pillar in the foreground of a highly ornamental character, admirably 

 adapted for an object in a pleasure-ground where the style of the house was 

 Hindoo. — Ruined mausoleum on the high road to Lucknow, commonly known 

 by the name of Barahdurri, implying a palace or place of pleasure. Why such 

 a building comes to be used as a mausoleum is stated in the following 

 extract. " It was a custom with the Mahomedan princes and persons of rank 

 and wealth, to lay out superb gardens, which were usually surrounded with 

 high parapeted walls and turrets, with a grand entrance thereto on one of 

 the faces; and in the centre of such enclosures they used to construct an 

 edifice, more or less magnificent, according to their tastes and resources, 

 which during their lifetime were used as barahdurris, or places of pleasure ; and 

 at their death they were buried therein, the building then becoming converted 

 into their mausoleum and that of their families, the gardens were no longer 

 resorted to as places of pleasure, but were assigned to one or more cadims or 

 priests, who maintained themselves and the tombs chiefly by the sale of the 

 fruits and other produce of the gardens ; for larger buildings, however, grants 

 of land were made in excess to the foregoing, the revenue of which was in- 

 tended to be applied to such purposes : this custom is still prevalent, and 

 such, therefore, is the origin of the term ' barahdurri,' or palace, being applied 

 to monumental structures." — Gate and citadel of Feroz Shah, near the 

 modern city of Delhi, built by the Mogul Emperor Shah Jehan. A good hint 

 for an entrance-lodge to a villa in the Indian style. — The mosque Jamai 

 Musjid. " The most striking feature in this wonderful edifice is the immense 

 arch in the centre of the fapade; it is near 100 ft. to its apex, consists of a 

 series of arches one within the other, receding like a stair." The details of 

 this building and some low buildings which surround it, afford excellent hints 

 for composing a Hindoo village adapted to the climate of England. The 

 same may be said of the next subject. — Sarai and bridge, near the town of 

 Musanuggur. — Old Sarai at Hiramutnuggur, near the city of Agra and the 

 Secundra. 



