408 Transactions of the London Horticultural Society. 



allotted ; they do not then so completely shade the soil, and the air is per- 

 mitted to flow freely though the rows. It will, however, be proper to have 

 them cleared away (when planted opposite to peach and apricot trees) about 

 the middle of July, that the borders may have the full benefit of the sun's 

 rays, to enable them to ripen the fruit and mature the young wood. After 

 a wet night the borders should also be raked, to aid the drying of their 

 surface. This simple operation will increase the temperature of the surface 

 of the border, and of the wall, many degrees. On one occasion, after two 

 days of continued rain in July, 1829, the temperature of the surfaces of the 

 border and wall was the same as that of the atmosphere, viz. 32°, at 4 o'clock 

 in the morning. At 6 o'clock, the weather cleared up, and a considerable 

 extent of the border, opposite to a hot wall, was raked, so as to dry the 

 surface. At 1 o'clock, a thermometer, laid on this raked surface, indicated 

 118°; and another, applied to the wall opposite, 106°; whilst, on the 

 unraked surface of the soil, the temperature was only 86°, and on the cor- 

 responding portion of the wall 89°. The operation, therefore, of raking the 

 surface of the border, raised its temperature 32° above the unraked surface, 

 and the temperature of the corresponding part of the wall 17°. 



" The London medal, for 1833, placed at the disposal of the Caledonian 

 Horticultural Society, was voted to Mr. Gregor Drummond for the com- 

 munication, of which a copious and correct abstract is here given." 



10. Description of several new Varieties of Fruit raised hy Thomas Andrew 

 Knight, Esq., from Seed ; together with Notes thereon by Mr. Knight. 



The pears described are March bergamot, Pengethley, Ross, Oakley Park 

 berganiot. Brougham (a sample having been sent by Mr. Knight to Lord 

 Brougham, and approved of by His Lordship), Bringewood, Moccas, Broom 

 Park, Croft Castle, Eyewood, Dunniore, and Monarch. All these pears were 

 raised by Mr. Knight ; but their merits are not yet sufficiently proved to war- 

 rant our recommending them without the special sanction of Mr. Thompson, 

 who, if we have failed to do justice to any of these varieties, will, we trust, be 

 good enough to correct us. Mr. Knight also describes the Dunmore plum, 

 raised by him, and also a party-coloured grape, not unlike the white musca- 

 dine in flavour, which " has in every season ripened tolerably well in the cold 

 climate " of Downton ; and of which Mr. Knight says, " I believe it to be better 

 adapted to make wine in a cold climate than any cultivated. I feel confident 

 that it is superior to most of the grapes cultivated in France, and that the 

 merits of the French wines depend greatly more on the skill of the makers, 

 than upon the merits of their grapes." 



11. Note upon Mimulus cardindlis ; a new hardy herbaceous Plant, By John 



Lindley, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Read November K 1835. 



This very showy and ver}' hardy perennial, rare at ihe time this article was 

 written, is already, thanks to the diffusive spirit which enters into every thing, 

 now as common in gardens as columbine or sweetwilliam. 



12. Meteorological Journal, ^c, for the Year 1833. By Mr. Thompson. 



13. ^ Note upon Oncidium Lance^muxa ', a new Species of Orchideous Epiphyte. 



By John Lindley, Ph. D., F.R.S. &c. 



A well-known epiphyte, introduced in 1834 by J. H. Lance, Esq., and 

 named in compliment to him. 



14. On Ttuo Species of Insects which are found injurious to the Pear Tree. By 

 Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., F.R.S., Pres. Read April 19. 1836. 



" The leaves of pear trees which are trained to walls have sustained, during 

 some years, much injury in many gardens, from the depredation of the larvae 

 of a very minute species of moth, the Tinea Clerckella of Linnaeus : and I 



