480 Tra7isactions of the London Horticultural Society. 



south-west to north-east. On each side of this valley the land rises gradually, 

 and is always inclined to be rather damp for some distance up the rising 

 ground; in some few parts the damp extends to the highest opposite 

 grounds. In these places the frost was most destructive. 



" At Arundel Castle, in Sussex, the residence of the Duke of Norfolk, the 

 thermometer fell to 9°, according to Mr. Robert Wilson, but it stood for 

 several weeks between 12° and 20°. The snow, which fell occasionally, never 

 exceeded the depth of from 3 to 4 inches, and did not remain on the ground 

 longer than a week or ten days. Near Worthing the temperature on the 

 morning of the 20th was as low as 2° above zero. 



" At Carclew, in Cornwall, the seat of Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., no register 

 of the weather was preserved, but Mr. Booth states, that as far as he recol- 

 lects, the thermometer against a north wall in the garden did not fall lower 

 than 12° above zero. The depth of frost in the ground did not exceed 7 

 inches. The weather, previously to the great frost, was unusually dry. 



" I have no certain return from Binstead, in the Isle of Wight, but Mr. 

 Fleming's gardener states, from observations made in the garden of the 

 Rev. Augustus Hewitt, that the greatest frost occurred on the morning of 

 January 15., when the thermometer fell to 15° ; and this agrees with a com- 

 munication with which I have been favoured by Dr. Bromfield of Ryde, whose 

 thermometer fell to 18° on the evening of the 15th of January, and never 

 sunk lower, nor could he ascertain that it fell below 15° anywhere in that 

 town. It is deserving of notice, that on this day the lowest temperature near 

 London was 21°. 



" At Pitmaston, near Worcester, Mr. Williams states, that in his garden on 

 a gravelly soil, about 40 feet above the Severn at low water mark, and a mile 

 distant from that river, ' the thermometer was down at 12° on the morning 

 of the 15th, and at 13° on the morning of the 20th; those were the two 

 coldest nights experienced. The instrument was fully exposed to the air on 

 the east side of some paling, some iew leaves of a laurel intercepting the 

 radiation from the bulb of the thermometer to the heavens; had it been placed 

 on the surface of the ground, and that surface had a covering of snow on it, 

 and had the bulb of the instrument been so placed as to have radiated its 

 caloric into space, it would doubtless have sunk many degrees lower; how- 

 ever, that would not have been the temperature of the air at 5 feet above the 

 surface, but the temperature of the leaves or parts of the plant exposed to the 

 sky.' 



" Sketty Hall, the seat of L. W. Dillwyn, Esq., is situated about three 

 miles west of Swansea, half a mile from the sea, and only 80 or 90 feet above 

 its level. At this place, it is believed that the thermometer never sank 

 below 15° ; but at a gentleman's house about 8 miles from Sketty it fell to 1°. 

 Penllergare, the residence of Dillwyn Llewelyn, Esq., and Penrice Castle, that 

 of C. R. M. Talbot, Esq. M.P., are both occasionally referred to by Mr. 

 Dillwyn ; the former is much higher than Skettj', more exposed, and 4 miles 

 further inland, the latter is in nearly the same situation as Sketty. 



" From Singleton, near Swansea, Mr. Vivian states, that the lowest degree 

 of cold experienced in that neighbourhood was on the morning of the 20th, 

 when Fahrenheit's thermometer stood at 15° soon after daybreak, Tlie depth 

 of snow at no time exceeded 2 inches, and during the severest weather there 

 was no snow on the ground. 



" Near Liverpool, the frost was much less intense than around London ; 

 Mr. Walker states, that, in the neighbourhood of that town, gardens suffered far 

 less than in places to the east and south, especially in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, 

 and Nottinghamshire. Calderstone, Mr. Walker's residence, is from 100 to 

 150 feet above the sea; the register thermometer did not fall below 9° on the 

 morning of the 20th, nor could he learn that it had been lower in his vicinity. 

 The greatest depth to which the frost penetrated the soil was found to have 

 been from 12 to 18 inches, accordingly as the ground was covered with grass 

 or otherwise. Very few of his extensive collection of evergreen trees and 



