506 Transactions of the LonJon Horticultural Society. 



situation among trees ; but it passed the winter perfectly uninjured, with the 

 thermometer at — 5°, in the same place, when planted upon the open lawn , 

 exposed to all the severity of the weather. In many places the vine was 

 killed in Vineries, the fires of which had not been lighted, while it received no 

 harm upon the open wall. At the village of Great Malvern, a very cold and 

 exposed place, situated on the eastern slope of a ridge of high hills, Mr. Dill- 

 wyn found that none of the evergreens were at all injured, though they 

 suffered severely on the plain, two or three hundred feet below the village, and 

 in the neighbourhood of Worcester, which is only eight miles distant. This 

 corresponds with a remark made by White in his Selborne, letter 63, that in 

 the severe frost of 1784, his evergreens suffered much in his warm sequestered 

 garden, while those in such an exalted and near situation as Newton were un- 

 injured. Mr. Williams observed, that at Cheltenham there was a very marked 

 difference between the injury sustained by plants in the lower part of the town, 

 and in the higher ground above the ' Montpellier Spa ;' in the former, the 

 Laurustinus were turned brown and withered ; in the latter, they in a great 

 measure escaped. In the low ground at Brenchley, the Arbutus was killed, 

 but on higher levels it escaped ; and in the same place, under the same circum- 

 stances, the double white camellia escaped, but the single red was killed ; in 

 short, the general rule was found by Mr. Hooker to be, that those plants the 

 most sheltered from the north, and open to the south and south-east, were the 

 most injured, but on the high grounds, open to the north and screened from 

 the south, plants suffered much less ; there, many of the most hardy kinds 

 of standard Chinese roses escaped, and the hollies, laurels, and Portugal 

 laurels were not in the least injured. At Brenchley there are some ex- 

 tensive Portugal laurel hedges, which run from the highest to the lowest 

 parts of the grounds ; these presented a striking instance of the effects of 

 the frost ; in the lowest part they were quite killed to the ground, were 

 gradually less injured as the ground rises, and on the upper part of the 

 ground the hedges were in a fine healthy state. Mr. Philip Davies Cooke 

 tells me that he saw in Wales a shrubbery at least six hundred feet above 

 the sea, as little, if not less injured than those in lower regions, and a 

 fig-tree, against a house above 300 feet above the sea, putting out leaves 

 although it had not had any protection whatever. At Dropmore, Pho- 

 tinia serrulata, where sheltered, had its branches killed down to the main 

 stem, while another plant in a more exposed situation suffered but little 

 injury. At Redleaf, Portugal laurels, in high situations, escaped with scarcely 

 any damage, while they suffered severely in low and warmer places. At 

 Owston, near Doncaster, the Banksian roses were destroyed in warm places, 

 but against a wall, completely excluded from the sun, they were but little 

 injured. Among other things lost at North Stoneham, was a Rosa multi- 

 flora, 30 feet high and 30 feet wide, in full vigour, and upwards of 20 years 

 old, against the south part of the house. Could it have been sheltered from 

 the influence of the sun, and consequent unprepared and violent exposure to 

 frost, Mr. Beadon does not conceive that he should have lost it. At Belsay, 

 in Northumberland, Sir Charles Monck found a great difference between the 

 effects of the frost in a new garden, in a low, dry situation, and in an old one, 

 placed at an elevation above the sea many feet higher ; in the latter a tree of 

 the sweet bay was only a little scorched in the leaves, Viburnum strictum 

 and evergreen oaks were unhurt, and Pinus halepensis but little injured; 

 but in the former, that is in the low, warm garden, cypresses of 7 years' 

 growth were mostly killed, Quercus Gramuntia, white broom, Colletia serra- 

 tifoha. Ilex Perado, rosemary, Anagyris indica, Buxus balearica, Buddlea glo- 

 bosa, the Fuchsia, Yucca, Cistus, Laurustinus, Arbutus, and Erica arborea, 

 were killed, or killed to the ground at least. It is useless to multiply such 

 facts. They, and all of a like nature, however paradoxical they may appear, 

 are no doubt to be explained on the same principle as the practice of selecting 

 a northern exposure for Moutan paeonies, and similar plants, which are apt 

 to suffer from early spring frosts. 



