puhliees par la Soc. Roj/. d'Agr. de Lyon. 555 



such as hoeing and raking ; and those for deepening the soil, such as trenching 

 and double ploughing ; he treats of the diiferent modes of perfofming each, 

 and the advantages and disadvantages of different modes of performance ; 

 taking into consideration manure, climate, crop, &c. He strongly recommends 

 deep digging and ploughing, which in fact is the greatest improvement wanted in 

 France, owing to the dryness of the climate, both in agriculture and garden- 

 ing, (tome ii. p. 11.) 



Manure given to Vineyards is found to injure the quality of wine made from 

 the grapes, more particularly horn shavings, which are used in the immediate 

 vicinity of Lyons. Some contend that the odour of the dung is absorbed by 

 the pellicle of the fruit ; others by the leaves, of which opinion M. Seringa is 

 an advocate ; and others by the root, (tome ii. p. 101.) 



Rhizoctonia Medicaginis Dec, a fungus which infests the roots of lucern, is 

 described by M. Seringe as extending in a circle all round the plant, so as to 

 attach itself to the roots of the others which it meets in its course. R. Cro- 

 ,c6rum Dec, infests the roots of the saifron crocus in England, (tome ii. 

 p. 105.) Cuscuta minor is also very injurious to lucern in France, as the C. 

 europsB^a frequently is to the hop in England. 



A new double mould-boarded Plough, invented by M. Reverchon, is ex- 

 amined by a commission and favourably spoken of. The chief object is to 

 save time, in changing the mould boards at the ends of the furrows, for which 

 purpose there are as it were two ploughs, one placed exactly over the other ; 

 and the business of the ploughman, at the end of the furrow, is simply to turn 

 the plough upside down before he reenters it. The name given to this im- 

 plement is Charrue jumelle, twin plough, (tome ii. p. 167. t. 5.) 



Notice on the Species of Calceolaria, cultivated in the Royal Flower-Garden 

 at St. Cloud, by M. Charles Gondouin. M. Gondouin arranges the calceo- 

 larias in two sections; the first containing C. plantaginea and C. pinnata; 

 and the second C. rugosa, C. arachndidea, and their numerous varieties, cross- 

 breds, or hybrids, amounting to sixteen, which are described. M. Gondouin 

 recommends the seeds of calceolarias to be sown in pans of light earth, and 

 placed in a hot-bed in February, when, if properly treated, they will flower 

 vigorously the same autumn, and the expense of keeping them through the 

 winter will be avoided, or rendered much easier than that of preserving seed- 

 lings sown in autumn, (tome ii. p. 173.) 



The Roots of ffinothera biennis L. (Onagre, French) are eaten in Germany 

 like those of scorzonera, and the points of the shoots may be used in salads. 

 The herbage would form a good forage for cattle, which are very fond of it. 

 (tome ii. p. 180.) 



Les Sommeliers, a new variety of potato, is recommended by M. Pepin, 

 who has propagated the London leek (Poireau gros-court) for several years 

 without seeds, by cutting it over 6 or 8 lines above the plate from which the 

 roots spring, and planting the suckers which are in consequence produced, 

 (tome ii. p. 182.) 



Essai sur la Theorie de I'Amenagement des Forets ; by M. Noirotbonnet. 

 By amenagement is meant such an arrangement as, in the case of any given 

 forest, will insure an equal produce every year while the forest lasts. The 

 first point to ascertain is, the number of years which the wood of the 

 forest requires to attain its most profitable age ; and the next point is, to divide 

 the forest into a corresponding number of portions. It is evident that the 

 great difficulty is to determine the profitable point, all the circumstances being 

 taken into consideration, of markets, reproduction, &c. In his first chapter 

 the author treats of the increase of timber, and he arrives at the conclusions 

 following : — Hard v/oods, such as oaks and beeches, may be most profitably 

 cut down at an age between 140 and 160 years. Resinous woods, such as 

 spruces and silver firs, 110 to 120 years; and such as pines and larches, 70 

 to 80 years. White woods, such as maples, sBjfcamores, ashes, and elms, 100 

 to 110 years. Soft woods, such as birches and alders, from 55 to 65 years. 

 This supposes, which the author believes to be the case, that it is in the 

 * o 2 



