360 Use of inclined Walls 



water bears the proportion of 1000 roses to a seer and a half 

 (about a pint and a half) of rose-water. The roses are put into the 

 water without removing the calices, and just as they come from 

 the gardens ; but an acid smell is occasionally met with in the 

 native rose-water, which would not be the case if the petals only 

 were used. 



The attar is always made at the beginning of the season, 

 when the nights are cool. In the morning early, the little film 

 of attar, which is formed upon the surface of tlie rose-water 

 during the night, is removed by means of a feather, and it is 

 then carefully placed in a small phial ; and, day after day, as the 

 collection is made, it is placed for a short period in the sun ; 

 and after a sufficient quantity has been procured, it is poured off 

 clear, and of the colour of amber, into small phials. Pure 

 attar, when it has been removed only three or four days, has a 

 pale greenish hue ; by keeping it loses this, and in a few weeks' 

 time it becomes of a pale yellow. The first few days' distilla- 

 tion does not produce such fine attar as comes off afterwards, in 

 consequence of the dust or little particles of dirt in the still and 

 the tube being mixed with it. This is readily separated, from 

 its sinking to the bottom of the attar, which melts at a tempera- 

 ture of 84°. From one lac of roses, it is generally calculated 

 that 180 grains, or one tolah, of attar can be procured: more 

 than this can be obtained if the roses are full-sized, and the 

 nights cold, to allow of the congelation. The attar purchased 

 in the bazaar is generally adulterated, mixed with sandal oil or 

 sweet oil. Not even the richest native will give the price at 

 which alone the purest attar can be obtained, and the purest 

 attar that is made is sold only to Europeans. 



The natives are very fond of using the rose-water as medi- 

 cine, or as a vehicle for other mixtures ; and they consume a 

 good deal of the petals for the conserve of roses, or goolcund, 

 as they call it. 



The same writer mentions that there are several kinds of 

 essential oils produced in Ghazeepore from the strong- scented 

 flowers of the district. 



Art. XII. On the Use of inclined Walls Jbr groxuing the finer Sorts 

 of Fruits. By N. M. T. 



Many objections have theoretically been urged against the use 

 of inclined walls for growing the finer sorts of fruit. As most 

 interested in the subject are aware of the nature of these objec- 

 tions, I will not stop to repeat them : let it suffice to say that I 

 consider them utterly groundless, when the walls are, in other 

 respects, well situated ; and I beg to state a few facts that led 

 me to form such a conclusion. In 1834, I undertook the 



