Sckell's Laiidscape-Gardening. 499 



on the side standing free from the walls, but they rather formed 

 part of it. 



(11.) The round temples were of two kinds. The first was 

 called Monopteros^ because these temples had no walls, but had 

 free standing pillars, with spaces between, which could be seen 

 through. 



(12.) The second kind of this temple was called Peripteros, -with. 

 eighteen or twenty pillars standing on a stylobate (as is the case 

 in the temples of Vesta at Tivoli and Rome), which is the third 

 part of the height of the pillar counting the shaft and the 

 chapiter, in a circle all round the temple, and which has the fifth 

 part of the whole temple from the outer wall of the cella in pro- 

 jection. The interior diameter of the cella was the same as the 

 height of the pillars, reckoning the shaft and chapiter. 



4. Vitruvius also distinguishes the five kinds of distances be- 

 tween the columns in the following manner : — 



(1.) Eustylos, or beautiful-pillared, with 2|- diameters of a 

 pillars. 



(2.) Sy stylos had two similar diameters between. 



(3.) Pyaiostylos, near pillared, I J diameter of a pillar. 



(4.) Diastylos, 3 diameters. 



(5.) Areostylos, wide-pillared, or 4 diameters of a pillar be- 

 tween. 



Some of these spaces are two narrow, and others too wide ; 

 but, in applying them, we are not bound to abide by them. 



I have only given those rules which Vitruvius prescribed for 

 the temples, to show the beginner in the art of gardening that it 

 is not so easy to plan and erect suitable architectural structures 

 in a garden ; and that, before doing so, he ought to be well ac- 

 quainted with the relative proportions of buildings in this elevated 

 style ; and to show him that, without studying the beautiful clas- 

 sical works of antiquity, he cannot give a faithful imitation of 

 them in his garden. He can learn more on the subject by 

 studying the works of Palladio, Durand [Recueil des Edijices an- 

 dennes et modernes, Digodetz [Antiques de Rome), Clerissian, Wil- 

 kens, Revett, Stuart, Le Roy, &c. 



5. The architectural orders given to the temples that were 

 dedicated to the different gods were not the work of chance. On 

 the contrary, attention was often paid by the ancients, in the 

 construction of each temple, to the properties and achievements 

 ascribed to the god to whom it was to be dedicated. Round 

 temples were generally built to Apollo, Jupiter, Bacchus, Fauna, 

 Vesta, &c. The Ionic order was given to the first four, and the 

 Corinthian order to the others. In the other temples, the purest 

 Doric order was given to Minerva, Mars, and Hercules ; the 

 Corinthian to Flora, Venus, and the Muses ; and the Ionic to 

 Juno, Diana, and Bacchus. 



K K 3 



