Principles of Gardening physioldgically considered. 595 



the garden, and at a distance from the outside of the wall, is a 

 high bank, caused by excavating the earth to make the garden 

 level : against the bank there is a wall built, to prevent the earth 

 falling into the north slip. On the top of this bank Mr. Fielder 

 has planted pear trees, and trained them downwards : at present 

 they are looking well. Close to the back of the stables is a 

 range of cucumber and melon pits ; the latter contained an ex- 

 cellent crop of the Beachwood green-flesh. Preparations are 

 making for a range of pine-pits ; and I have no doubt, in the 

 hands of the present spirited proprietor and his gardener, Mr. 

 Fielder, Bohemia will become a place of considerable note with 

 the surrounding country. — August, 1841. 



Art. III. The Principles of Gardening physiologically considered. By 

 G. Kegel, Gardener in the Royal Botanic Garden, Berlin. 

 (Translated from the Garten Zeitung, May 9th, 1840.) 

 (^Continued from p. 335. ) 



I. On the Propagation of Plants. 



B. Propagation by Buds. 



1. BUDS and their METAMORPHOSES — Continued. 



The bulb is a metamorphosed bud in a higher state of ad- 

 vancement, the different parts of which it is composed being 

 all increased in size, and more fully developed. That part 

 which represents the axillary portion of the bud is very much 

 enlarged in the bulb, in the lower part of which it forms the 

 large circular disk called the root-plate. On this are fixed the 

 scales which represent the leafy coverings of the bud, but in a 

 much higher state of organisation ; and their form is determined 

 by that of the leaves of the species to which they belong. If 

 the leaves can be traced distinctly into the bulb, it is said to be 

 tunicated,as in the onion; and, if they cannot, the bulb is called 

 scaly, as in the lily. 



Bulbs are generally propagated by offsets, which partake of 

 the nature of seed, in producing distinct individuals ; and, like 

 seeds, they resist external influences, and retain their vital powers 

 for a great length of time: thus, the offsets of some kinds of 

 ^4'llium often germinate after having been kept in the herbarium 

 upwards of a year. On the root-plate is formed the new bulb, 

 which is to supply the place of the old one the following season, 

 just as new buds form every autumn to supply the place of those 

 that have been developed the preceding spring : but, in the bud, 



Q Q 3 



