10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 



In addition to the above, there was included under the general 

 appropriation for printing and binding an allotment of $76,200, to 

 cover the cost of printing and binding the Smithsonian annual re- 

 port and reports and miscellaneous printing for the Government 

 branches of the Institution. 



KESEARCHKS AND EXPLORATIONS. 



The institution every year sends out or cooperates in expeditions 

 to various parts of the world for the purpose of gathering all the 

 information possible on the inhabitants, the fauna and flora, and 

 other features of little-known regions, and thus carries out one of its 

 primary objects — " the increase of knowledge."' While the war con- 

 ditions prevailing during the first half of the year blocked certain 

 projects, several expeditions of importance to science were under- 

 taken, and a few of these are briefly summarized here. The annual 

 Exploration Pamphlet issued by the institution and the reports of 

 the various branches describe these and other researches more in 

 detail. 



(;fx)LO(;k"al EXPr^OKATioNs ik the Canadian rockies. 



The geological explorations which have been conducted in the 

 Canadian Eockies b)'^ your secretary for a number of years were con- 

 tinued during the summer season of 1918, chiefly for the purpose of 

 determining the geological structure of the upper Bow Valley north 

 of Lake Louise, Alberta, and also at the headwaters of the Cascade 

 River, at Sawback Lake. Another aim of the investigation was to 

 locate any possible occurrences of unusual beds of fossils in the 

 regions visited. 



Leaving the Canadian Pacific Railway at Lake Louise Station, the 

 Bow Valley extends to the northwest parallel to the Continental 

 Divide, which forms its southwestern side. Bow Lake at the head 

 of the valley is a beautiful sheet of water hemmed in by bald moun- 

 tain slopes and cliffs on the west and north and by the mass of Mount 

 Molar on the east. From the west numerous glaciers drain into the 

 lake. The first one encountered is Crowfoot, which flows from the 

 great Wauputek snow field along the Continental Divide. 



Bow Pass, 4 miles north of the head of Bow Lake, has been eroded 

 by glacial action into a broad, park-like area, so that the passage 

 over into the valley of the Mistaya River of the Saskatchewan River 

 drainage is scarcely realized until steep slopes indicate the approach 

 toward Lake Peyto. This beautiful lake, with a glacier at its head, 

 drains into the Mistaya River. The bold escarpment on the north 

 side of the lake is continued to the north down the Mistaya River to 

 the Saskatchewan. Several sections were examined along this front, 



