44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1919. 



had fallen. Another ruin found in a cave in Sand Canyon is in- 

 structive on account of its being the only one yet found with a 

 single kiva of the unit type. It was probably a ceremonial cave, 

 the room showing scanty evidence of having been inhabited. 



One of the discoveries made was the recognition that the build- 

 ings on McElmo Bluff had a crude masonry characterized by stones 

 set on edge, the walls being made of adobe and logs. The stones 

 of one or more rooms on this site were large, indicating megalithic 

 stone houses. All the data assembled indicate that they antedated 

 the fine horizontal masonry of the pueblos and cliff dwellings. 



While in the field the chief carried on a correspondence with Mr. 

 Van Kleeck, of Denver, owner of the Aztec Spring Euin, which led 

 to that ruin being presented to the National Park Service and later 

 accepted by the Secretary of the Interior. The presentation of this 

 interesting ruin to the Government is important and it is to be hoped 

 that it will later be excavated and repaired and thus present an addi- 

 tional attraction to tourists and an important aid to the archeologist 

 in the interpretation of this type of southwestern ruin. 



In May the chief visited Austin, Tex., and inaugurated work on 

 the antiquities of that State, the archeology of which has been 

 neglected. This work is now being prosecuted by Prof. J. E. Pearce, 

 of the University of Texas, and bids fair to open up a most instruc- 

 tive chapter in a field of which we laiow comparatively little. Im- 

 portant discoveries have been made in the aboriginal workshops and 

 village sites at Round Rock and near Austin, where fine flint imple- 

 ments are very abundant. The work will be continued into the 

 timbered region of eastern Texas, where we find pottery related to 

 that of Louisiana and Arkansas and evidences of a radically differ- 

 ent prehistoric culture from that of central Texas. 



Mr. James Mooney, ethnologist, at the beginning of the fiscal year 

 was at his former field of labor among the Kiowa and associated 

 tribes of western Oklahoma, where several months were devoted to 

 the collection and revision of material and observations of cere- 

 monies among the Kiowa, Comanche, Kiowa Apache, Cheyenne, 

 Arapaho, Caddo, and Wichita in continuation of studies of their 

 aboriginal heraldry, social and military organization, and religion. 



Since his return to Washington in November he has been employed 

 chiefly in the coordination of material obtained in the field and in 

 the compiling of data for reply to current letters of ethnologic 

 inquiry. 



Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, devoted a considerable part of 

 his time during the past year to the collection of material from 

 published sources for a study of the economic background of the life 

 of the American Indians north of Mexico. This involves an exami- 



