REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 51 



on ruins reconnoitered in 1918. Dr. Hough was aided in his field work 

 by Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Jacques, of Lakeside, by whom his work was 

 much facilitated. Field work was especially devoted to the ruins 

 called by the Apaches Nustegge Toega, " Grasshopper Spring," and 

 clusters of sites in the near vicinity which form a Yevj large group, 

 indicating extensive intermingling of cultures. The main cluster 

 stands in the open green valle}^ and consists of two great heaps of 

 stones covered with squaw bush, walnut, juniper, and pine, with occa- 

 sional fragments of projecting walls, evidences of two large compact 

 pueblos separated by Salt River draw. The west village (four or 

 five stories high) has a court near the south end, 90 by 140 feet, con- 

 nected with a small plaza, and covers more than an acre. The east 

 village is more than half an acre in area. North of the west village 

 is a plaza 300 feet long, flanked in part on the west by an isolated 

 clan house of 18 rooms. The six ruins in the cluster that may be 

 regarded as clan houses differ in size and arrangement of rooms and 

 in general show considerable skill in construction. A third form of 

 building west of the large village is indicated by large rectangular 

 areas outlined with building stones scattered over the level ground. 

 The foundations are of four or five courses, but never were buried 

 more than 18 inches, indicating that they did not support a heavy 

 superstructure. Two lenticular rubbish heaps, measuring 60 by 72 

 feet and 4 feet high, lie on the meadow 100 yards south of the walls 

 of the large village. A feature of Pueblo masonry discovered here 

 was retaining walls of quite large stone set on bedrock, apparently 

 intended to counter lateral thrust of heavy walls. Several rooms 

 were cleared out by Apache laborers .under Dr. Hough's direction 

 and many artifacts and some human skeletal material were ob- 

 tained. 



Mr. ISTeil M. Judd, curator of American archeolog}'-, prosecuted 

 archeological field work in certain caves in Cottonwood Canyon 

 which he had visited in 1915. He successfully investigated five pre- 

 historic ruins in Cottonwood Canyon caves during the two weeks in- 

 which work was possible. Walls of houses were found to be built 

 entirely of adobe, as well as the customary structures made of stone 

 bound with clay mortar. Associated with these dwellings were rooms 

 of still another type — houses whose walls consisted of vertical posts 

 set at intervals and joined by masses of adobe. It will be noted that 

 all three types closely resemble those structures exposed during the 

 excavation of mounds in central Utah and previously reported.' 



The dwellings in " Kiva Cave " form the best preserved cliff village 

 yet visited by Mr. Judd north and west of the Eio Colorado. Two 

 of the four houses visited are practically intact; the ceremonial 



1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 64-69; No. 17, pp. 103-108; vol. 68, No. 

 12, p. 83. 



