REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 53 



recorded on the phonograph, the numerous songs sung at the three 

 first gatherings. This material, with musical transcription tabulated 

 and descriptive analyses, has been purchased by the bureau. 



Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropology, was detailed 

 to make an examination of the archeological remains of southwest- 

 ern Florida, especially of the shell heaps along the coast south of 

 Key Marco, a region very little explored by archeologists and one of 

 the least known sections of that State. In spite of difficulties, Dr. 

 Hrdlicka's field work was successful. He visited several groups of 

 shell heaps of large size as yet unrecorded and opened up a most in- 

 structive field for future exploration in a report which has been 

 presented for publication. He also made highly important observa- 

 tions on physical features of the remnants of Indians that still in- 

 habit the little known regions of Florida. 



Mr. David I. Bushnell, jr., continued the preparation of manuscript 

 for the Handbook of Aboriginal Eemains East of the Mississippi, 

 adding various notes to the manuscript. He likewise added about 30 

 pages to the manuscript entitled " Native Villages and Village Sites 

 East of the Mississippi," now being printed as Bulletin 69. During 

 the same period he completed a manuscript bearing the title " Native 

 Cemeteries and Forms of Burial East of the Mississippi," which is 

 to appear as Bulletin 71 of the bureau series. 



With an allotment from the bureau Mr. Gerard Fowke has been 

 engaged in special archeological investigations in the Ozark region 

 of central Missouri. His careful detailed studies have been confined 

 to the numerous caves in that region. 



If " cave men," using this term to designate the predecessors of any 

 race or tribe known to history, ever existed in the Mississippi Valley, 

 we would find in no part of it natural features better adapted for his 

 requirements than the Ozark Hills, but so far not the slightest trace 

 of his presence has been revealed. Products of human industry have 

 been reported as occurring under other conditions at great depths, 

 even at the bottom of the loess, though in all such cases there is some 

 uncertainty as to the correctness of the observations. On the con- 

 trary, whatever may be the depth of the deposit containing them, the 

 artificial objects exhumed are uniform in character from top to bot- 

 tom. The specimens found on the clay or solid rock floor are of the 

 same class as those barely covered by the surface earth. Moreover, 

 when they cease to appear they cease absolutely. 

 - By careful search in the caves and rock shelters of which the In- 

 dian known to history availed himself extensive and interesting 

 museum collections can be made. To find an earlier man it will be 

 necessary to investigate caverns which he found suitable for occu- 

 pancy and in which the accumulation of detritus, from whatever 

 source, has been sufficient to cover his remains so deeply that they 



