46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1917. 



The excavation of Hawikuh has as its chief object the study of 

 a Zurii pueblo known to have been inhabited from prehistoric times 

 well into the historic period, for the purpose of determining, so far 

 as possible, the character and arts of the Zuni people in early times, 

 as well as the effect of Spanish contact during the sixteenth and sev- 

 enteenth centuries. Hawikuh was one of the famed " Seven Cities 

 of Cibola " of early Spanish narrative, and its history from the time 

 of its discovery in 1539 until its abandonment in 1670 is quite well 

 known. Consequently the information that the ruins may be ex- 

 pected to yield will in all probability shed considerable light on a 

 phase of the culture of a branch of the Pueblo Indians at an impor- 

 tant period in their life. 



It is not necessary in this brief report to present the results of the 

 Hawikuh excavations, which were successful beyond anticipation in 

 both a subjective and an objective way. It is expected that a sum- 

 mary report on the work, which was still in progress at the close of 

 the fiscal year, will be presented for publication in the near future. 



The beginning of the fiscal year found Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, eth- 

 nologist, engaged in an archeological reconnoissance in the vicinity 

 of Gallup, N. Mex. Early in July he proceeded to Mancos, Colo., 

 examining ancient ruins en route and commencing intensive archeo- 

 logical work in the Mesa Verde National Park, where he remained 

 until the close of September. These excavations, conducted with the 

 cooperation of the Department of the Interior, were in continuation of 

 the work initiated several years ago, of uncovering and repairing the 

 remains of the more important prehistoric ruins in that great area, 

 thus making them available for study and adding to the park's many 

 attractions. 



The scene of Dr. Fewkes's activities during this season was one of a 

 cluster of 16 ruins known as the Mummy Lake group, situated above 

 Soda Canyon. None of the walls of this large ruin projected above 

 the surface of the mound of fallen building stones and other debris 

 covered with sagebrush, but on excavation tee remains were shown to 

 be those of a rectangular pueblo, 100 by 113 feet, with three stories at 

 the north and an annexed court inclosed by a low wall on the south. 

 By reason of its commanding situation, Dr. Fewkes has named this 

 former pueblo Far View House. After clearing the ruin of the great 

 quantity of debris accumulated during centuries, the tops of the walls 

 of the four kivas uncovered were protected with a capping of con- 

 crete, and so far as means would permit the walls of other chambers 

 were similarly treated. As a report on Dr. Fewkes's work at Far 

 View House will appear shortly, 1 it is not necessary to present the 

 details here ; but it may be mentioned that the most important result 



* " A Mesa Verde Pneblo and Its People," Smithsonian Report for 1916, pp. 461-488, 

 pi. 1-15, figs. 1-7, Washington, 1917. 



