REPORT OP THE SECRETARY. 47 



of the study of this site is the fact that a new type of Mesa Verde- 

 structure has been revealed, the form and character of which shed 

 light on the close relation of pueblos and cliff dwellings. Indeed, 

 Dr. Fewkes reports that Far View House is the only known example 

 of a pure type of pueblo ever completely excavated, the term " pure 

 type" signifying a terraced community building constructed of 

 shaped stones ant having circular kivas united with surrounding 

 rectangular rooms. Other significant features are the vaulted roofs 

 of the kivas, the supporting beams of which rest on pilasters, and 

 the presence of a ventilator and a deflector in each kiva, as in the case 

 of certain cliff dwellings. As this pure type of pueblo is entirely 

 prehistoric, it may be regarded as representing a stage in architec- 

 tural development between the older stage of pueblo structures and 

 the mixed type or more modern form in which the arrangement of 

 the rooms and the art of the mason exhibits a retrogression. 



On finishing his work at Far View House, Dr. Fewkes visited 

 Utah primarily for the purpose of determining the geographic dis- 

 tribution of ruins in the northern limits of Pueblo culture. This 

 reconnoissance extended to the Uintah Reservation, where hitherto 

 unknown ruins in Hill Canyon, near Ouray, were examined and where 

 a number of stone towers similar to those along San Juan River 

 were found. These ruins, to which Dr. Fewkes's attention was 

 called by Mr. Kneale, agent for the Uncompahgre Ute, are espe- 

 cially striking owing to their unusual situation on eroded rocks of 

 mushroom shape. These towers mark the northernmost limit of 

 Pueblo culture in eastern Utah, and some of them are especially in- 

 structive by reason of their relation to prehistoric towers much 

 farther south. An illustrated report on these remains, by Dr. 

 Fewkes, has already appeared. 1 



Mr. James Mooney, ethnologist, was engaged in field work among 

 the Eastern Cherokee of western North Carolina at the opening of 

 the fiscal year, and on his return to Washington, August 10, resumed 

 the translation and annotation of the Sacred Formulas of the Chero- 

 kee, as well as the identification of the plants, etc., used by the tribe 

 in its medicine and other rites. Mr. Mooney reports this work to 

 be well advanced, but its complicated nature, coupled with the 

 author's ill health during the year, has made progress somewhat 

 slow. Mr. Mooney also spent considerable time in supplying in- 

 formation on technical subjects for official correspondence. 



Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, was occupied chiefly with two 

 lines of investigation — the one historical, the other philological. In 

 July and August he made a thorough examination of the Woodbury 

 Lowery and Brooks collections of manuscripts in the Library of Con- 



1 " Archeological Investigations in New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah," Smithsonian Misc. 

 Coll., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1-38, May, 1917. 



