KEPOKT OF THE SECEETARY. 59 



One of the most instructive experiences of the archeologist is to 

 see a skeleton centuries old as it lies in the grave. One of the ancient 

 people of Pipe Shrine House was left in a prepared chamber for 

 tourists to inspect. 



The cemetery lies on the southeast corner of this ruin, and in it 

 were found several human burials from one of which a good skeleton 

 was chosen to illustrate the manner of burial and the mortuary 

 offai^ings. This skeleton was not removed from the grave but was 

 surrounded by a stone wall forming a room, rectangular in shape, 

 protected by a grating and a waterproof roof. Visitors ma}'' now 

 see one of the skeletons of the race of cliff dwellers as he was placed 

 in his grave more than 500 years ago; not a single bone has been 

 moved from position. This is the first time in North American 

 archeology that an effort has been made to protect an Indian skeleton 

 in situ, and the success of the method is self-evident, judging from 

 the comments of visitors. 



The pipes found in the shrine of the kiva have suggested " Pipe 

 Shrine House " as a name for the building. It seems to have been 

 given up to the rites and ceremonies of the inhabitants of the neigh- 

 boring Far View House. 



The second ruin excavated at Mesa Verde was formerly the habi- 

 tation of one clan or of one social unit composed of relatives on the 

 mother's side, on which account this ruin was given the name " One 

 Clan House." It is situated about one-eighth of a mile south of 

 Pipe Shrine House and consists of a circular subterranean room or 

 kiva of fine masonry surrounded by rooms for sleeping, others for 

 grinding corn, and still others used as bins for corn or storage 

 rooms. The kiva was the ceremonial or men's room. 



One of the most instructive ruins excavated in 1922 is a round 

 tower, 15 feet in diameter and 10 feet high, situated about 300 feet 

 north of Far View House. In front of this tower Avere found three 

 subterranean kivas under the fallen debris, in one of which were con- 

 structed walls of a square building, indicating secondary occupation, 

 and erected after the abandonment of the kiva. This tower and 

 accompanying kivas may be called Far View Tower, and the indica- 

 tions are that it was used for observations, particularly' of the sun on 

 the horizon at sunrise and sunset, in order to determine the time for 

 planting and other dates important for an agricultural people. These 

 towers were probably rooms for the worship of the sun and other sky 

 gods. 



Some distance north of Far View Tower there tvere discovered 

 in the cedars a number of large stones arranged vertically in rows 

 projecting 3 feet above the surface of the ground. Excavation showed 

 that these megaliths were walls of buildings of anomalous character, 

 indicating a new type of architecture on the Mesa Verde, This 



