Morphologie, Teratologie, Befruchtung, C5^tologie. 293 



3. The egg nucleus. ■ — The egg nucleus enlarges to 60 times 

 its original volume. At the time of fertilization irregulär, darkly 

 staining, vacuolate masses, slender filaments pervaded by ' small 

 granules, spindle fibers, and chromatin are differentiated within 

 the nuclear membrane. The chromatin is the fundamental nuclear 

 substance; the other bodies are accretions gained during the growth 

 of the nucleus and excluded from the nuclei of the proembryo. 



4. Fertilizaton and the first division. — After fusion tvvo chro- 

 matin groups appear at the base of the egg nucleus; in each 2x 

 chromosomes become separate; the two original spindles unite; the 

 chromosomes approximate to form x pairs; they twist the one about 

 the other and become looped; each of the components of a pair 

 Segments medianly, that is, at the apex of the loop; 2x pairs of 

 Segments result; these separate to form 4x chromosomes; a new 

 spindle is formed and 2x chromosomes pass to each pole. 



5. Fertilization may be regarded as having three phases: 1. sex 

 nuclei enter a common cytoplasm; 2. the two groups of chromoso- 

 mes enter a common nuclear membrane; 3. the chromosomes ap- 

 proximate in pairs. In Abtes the three phases follow one another 

 in rapid succession. 



6. Abtes, as compared with Pinus, shows a number of primitive 

 characters. However, resin canals are onl}'' present as traumatic 

 responses, which, according to Jeffrey, shows that Pinus is more 

 ancient than Abies, as he regards the presence of resin ducts an an- 

 cient character. Whether or not this argument is sufficient to over- 

 balance the numerous ancient characters of Abies is a matter of 

 judgment, which the author does not presume to decide. Many of 

 the ancient characters are such that they lend to relate more clo- 

 sely the two ancient groups of Coniferales, the Abietineae and the 

 Araucarineae. Jongmans. 



Hutchinson, A. H., Gametoph5'-te of Pellia epiphyllä. (The Bot. 

 Gazette. LX. p. 134-143. PL 1—4. 1 Fig. 1915.) 



The development of the antheridium varies. The dominant me- 

 thod is that characteristic of Jungermaniales\ forms occur, not in- 

 frequently, which are like the antheridium of Marchaniiales, while 

 others are like the archegonium in their early development. 



The archegonia are produced from cells of the apical group 

 and occur in an archegonial pocket. The diversities from the regu- 

 lär form are few; the large number of neck canal cells, the extreme 

 development of the cap, the frequent reduction of the number of 

 tiers of neck wall cells to five, and the somewhat massive venter 

 may be noted. The outer cell of the two resulting from the division 

 of the archegonial initial divides horizontal before the vertical wall 

 is formed. 



Several periods of growth may be recognized, each having a 

 specific method of growth: the massive; the period of the cuneate 

 apical cell extending until antheridium formation; the period of the 

 lenticular cylindric apical cell, or the antheridial period; the period 

 of regional apical growth, or the period of archegonium production; 

 and the second period of massive growth, or the period of sporo- 

 phyte dependence. Jongmans. 



Hutchinson, A. H., On the male gametophyte oi Picea cana- 



densis. (The Bot. Gazette. LIX. p. 287-300. PL 15-19. 1 Fig. 1915.) 



In the male gametophyte of Picea canadensis, one, two, or 



