4 M. FOSLJIE. [1908 
are not identical at all, but that L. murmanicum actually belongs 
to L. breviaxe. 
As I stated in Rem. norih. Lithoth. p. 61, L. vardöense on 
one side draws near to L. tophiforme f. sphærica (cp. på. II, fig. 
12—13, 15), and is on the other side ,almost fully resembling 
small nodules of L. formicatum f. subsphæriea, and partly even 
f. dimorpha.* Cop. på. I, fig. 1—11, 14, and Norw. Lithoth. pl. 
10—12. There is a possibility of L. vardöense embracing two 
different forms, but this question I cannot decide for the present, 
- because the fertile material in hand is too scarce; the larger number 
of the specimens collected are sterile. When typically developed, 
however, it corresponds to a small L. formicatum, from which it 
is distinguished only by developing bisporic sporangia. It shows 
the same relation to L. tophiforme f. sphærica as small nodules 
of L. formicatum are bearing to L. soriferum f. globosa. It is 
sometimes rather difficult to draw the line. Besides L. vardöense 
is approaching to certain forms of L. glaciale, and on the other 
hand there are also forms of L. fornicatum that are very nearly 
connected with L. intermedium)), a species partly corresponding 
to L. glaeiale. 
Of late I have given particular consideration to the partition 
of sporangia, and I have separated species as independent ones 
only on this character, whereas my carlier opinion was that some 
species are developing both bisporic and tetrasporic sporangia. 
This limitation, however, has not been thoroughly carried out in 
Rem. north. Lithoth.*) - Future investigations will show whether 
such a limitation is right in all cases. 
The following species juxtaposited by twos are distinguished 
from one another only by the partition of sporangia, — the former 
of each group developing tetrasporic sporangia, the latter deve- 
loping bisporic ones. 
L. nodulosum Fosl. — L. tusterense Fosl. 
L. Ungeri Kjellm. — L. breviaxe Fosl. 
1) I have got specimens referred to this species by Prof. Kjellman which 
in my opinion belong to L. formicatum. 
2) Cp. Alg. Not. V (soon in press). 
