similarity between the organisms of the drift and benthos; however, there was 

 similarity between the organisms in the drift and the aufwuchs . 



115. MURAWSKI, W.S., "A Study of Submerged Dredged Holes in New Jersey Estuar- 

 ies with Respect to Their Fitness as Finfish Habitat," Miscellaneous 

 Report, No. 2M, New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic 

 Development, Trenton, N.J., Oct. 1969. 



Thirty-eight submerged dredged holes located in a New Jersey estuary 

 were examined to determine their fitness as a finfish habitat. Twenty-one 

 of the holes had dissolved oxygen or hydrogen sulfide conditions that would 

 not sustain healthy aquatic life. Twenty of the holes lacked benthic animals. 

 Reasons for the stagnant dredged holes were: (a) too great a depth in rela- 

 tion to natural estuary depths, (b) intrusion of poor quality ground water, 

 (c) high accumulation of detritus in the dredged holes, and (d) lack of mix- 

 ing by wind because of a sheltering shoreline. 



116. NICHOLS, M.M., "Effect of Channel Deepening on Salinity in the James 

 Estuary," Pvooeedings of the 11th Conference on Coastal Engineering, 

 American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 2, 1969, pp. 1439-1441. 



The effect of a 3 meter channel deepening on the salinity distribution 

 and net flow was studied in the James Estuary to predict estuarine-wide changes 

 that might disturb the natural conditions favorable to oyster production. A 

 hydraulic model was employed to determine the physical changes. The potential 

 biological consequences were evaluated by integrating the model data with 

 corollary field and laboratory observations. 



117. NYBAKKEN, J., and STEPHENSON, M., "Effects of Engineering Activities on 

 the Ecology of Pismo Clams," MP 8-75, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 

 Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., Sept. 1975. 



Three aspects of the ecology of Pismo clams {Tiveta stultorim) were 

 investigated in Monterey Bay, California: distribution, reproduction cycle, 

 and age and growth. Pismo clam populations were found to be restricted to bay 

 areas betweem the Salinas River and Santa Cruz. The highest densities recorded 

 were intertidal; subtidal clam beds were few and with low densities. Most clams 

 appeared randomly dispersed and different size classes did not show a vertical 

 separation. The presence and absence of clams were shown to be correlated with 

 the beach slope and grain size. Pismo clams mature in their second year in 

 Monterey Bay, and the primary spawning time is in September and October. The 

 growth rate is more rapid in young clams and varies throughout the year in all 

 size classes, but is most rapid in the summer and fall. 



118. O'CONNOR, J.M., NEUMANN, D.A., and SHERK, J. A., Jr., "Lethal Effects 



of Suspended Sediments on Estuarine Fish," TP 76-20, U.S. Army, Corps of 

 Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., 

 Dec. 1976. 



This study provides base-line information for preproject decisionmaking 

 based on the anticipated concentration of suspended sediments at the project 

 site and the effect of various lengths of exposure on estuarine fish of differ- 

 ent life-history stages and habitat preference. 



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