and sexes on a given sampling date, but decreased with the progress of the 

 season and decreasing temperature; there was no obvious relation between 

 length and salinity. Of the 2,964 white shrimp caught in the tidal pass, 

 55.1 percent were females, but the sex ratio was not significantly different 

 from 1:1. 



133. REES, C, "The Ecological Impact of Dredging Operations," SEATEC 77: 

 The Dredging and Construction of Ports for Developing Countries , 

 Singapore, Intel Press, Ltd., 1977. 



Dredging, embracing mineral recovery, navigation, and beach nourishment 

 operations usually have physical, chemical, and biological repercussions. 

 Major physiochemical problems arise when dredging radically changes the 

 coastal sediment budget, sediment supply to the coast, and nearshore wave 

 refraction and diffraction patterns. Serious damage to some biological 

 communities may be anticipated since coastal zones are often highly produc- 

 tive and responsible for sustaining sizable commercial fisheries. 



134. REES, W.H., "Effects of Stream Dredging on Young Silver Salmon, 

 Oraorhynahus Kisutch and Bottom Fauna," Fishery Research Paper No. 2, 

 Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia, Wash., Mar. 1959, pp. 53-65. 



A program was begun in July 1952 and terminated in August 1953 to 

 measure how dredging and stream channeling affect fish and bottom organisms 

 in Little Bear Creek, northeast of Seattle. Random bottom samples were taken 

 periodically in test and control areas to measure population changes in food 

 organisms. Dredging in September 1952 eliminated 97 percent of the bottom 

 organisms in the test area. The dredged area had a reduced fauna for 5 

 months and then began to recover in February 1953. It had recovered complete- 

 ly by July 1953. The stomach contents of young silver salmon yielded more 

 dipterous larvae than other bottom organisms, even during periods when 

 production of diptera was low. The author estimated that immediately after 

 dredging in September 1952 the zero group silver salmon decreased 69 percent 

 and the trout fingerlings 81 percent. 



135. REID, G.K., "Ecological Investigations in a Disturbed Texas Coastal 

 Estuary," The Texas Journal of Science, Vol. 8, No. 3, Sept. 1956, 

 pp. 296-327. 



Rollover Pass, a cut through Bolivar Peninsula on the gulf coast of 

 eastern Texas, was constructed in January 1955 and introduced gulf waters of 

 high salinity into the upper part of East Bay. A study of some of the hydro- 

 graphic and biologic aspects was made in June and July 1954, prior to the 

 construction of the pass. The present study was concerned with determining 

 what changes occurred in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics 

 of the bay following the excavation of the pass. Field investigations, 

 carried on from 7 June to 30 June 1955, noted marked differences between 

 the salinity in June 1954 and June 1955 in East Bay. The number of species 

 of fishes in 1955 (51 species ) was nearly the same as for 1954 (50 species) ; 

 however, 9 species recorded in 1954 were not noted in 1955. Ten species 

 were found in 1955 that were not caught in 1954, and some of these were marine 

 species whose presence reflected the increased salinity in the bay. Three 

 species of shrimps were found in the bay during the 1955 study. The brown 

 shrimp was less abundant and the white shrimp was more abundant than in 

 1954. The sea bob, not caught in 1954, was taken in 1955. 



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