were caught at night than during the day, but the differences were not statisti- 

 cally significant. Individuals of each species appeared to migrate into the 

 shallower areas of the marsh at night. At night, brown shrimp and blue crabs 

 were more abundant in the marsh and bayward canal areas than in the upland 

 canal and bay areas, white shrimp were more abundant in the marsh area than 

 in the other three areas, and pink shrimp were more abundant in the marsh than 

 in the upland and bayward canal areas. During the day, brown shrimp were more 

 abundant in the bayward canal area than in the upland canal and bay areas, while 

 pink shrimp were more abundant in the marsh area than in the upland canal area. 

 The generally lower catches of each species in the open bay and upland canal 

 areas, when compared with the marsh and bayward canal areas, were attributed 

 to: (a) Permanent loss of intertidal vegetation in the housing development; 

 (b) low abundance of detrital material and benthic macroinvertebrates in the 

 open bay and upland canal areas; and (c) eutrophic conditions in the upland 

 canal areas. 



179. U.S. ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION, "Effects of Dredging 

 and Disposal on Aquatic Organisms," EM 1110-2-5013, Corps of Engineers, 

 Washington, D.C., Nov, 1979. 



This report describes research carried out under the U.S. Army Engineer 

 Waterways Experiment Station's Dredged Material Research Program. The objective 

 was to determine direct and indirect effects of dredging and disposal on aquatic 

 organisms. Dredging and disposal research were carried out in different loca- 

 tions throughout the United States. 



180. U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, WILMINGTON, "Oregon Inlet Larval Transport 

 Sensitivity Study," Wilmington, N.C., unpublished, 1980. 



This report discusses the results of a physical model used to predict 

 the probable pathways followed by larval aquatic organisms that are transported 

 from the ocean through Oregon Inlet into Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. The 

 results should help evaluate construction of jetties at Oregon Inlet. 



181. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR, "Effects on Fish Resources of Dredging and 

 Spoil Disposal in San Francisco and San Pablo, California," Special 

 Report, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., Nov. 1970. 



Field and laboratory studies were conducted during the period September 

 1967 to August 1969 to determine the effects that dredging and spoil disposal 

 would have on fish and wildlife environments in selected and representative 

 reaches of San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. These studies were restricted 

 to key indicator species. 



Study results indicated that variables, such as rapidly fluctuating 

 salinities, influence the variety and size of the biological communities. The 

 effects of dredging and spoil disposal were not clearly apparent in certain 

 localities, such as deep channel areas near Mare Island and shallow parts 

 of San Pablo Bay. Data collected in more stable areas indicated dredging 

 and spoil disposal significantly reduced the number and species composition 

 of various benthic organisms, bottom associated invertebrates, and fishes. 

 While certain species were reestablished in a period of a few months after the 

 spoiling, the "general health" of the environment in this area, as measured by 

 the diversity of benthic organisms, was not restored during the study period. 



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