ties for the Cabras Island plant were affecting levels of dissolved oxygen, 

 phosphorous, nitrate, nitrite, salinity, or pH in the outfall areas. 



102. MARSHALL, A.R,, "Dredging and Filling," Froceed-lngs of the Marsh and 

 Estuary Management Symposivm^ Louisiana State University, 1958, pp. 107- 

 113. 



The direct and indirect effects of dredging and filling on the fish and 

 wildlife resources of Florida's estuarine and freshwater habitats are dis- 

 cussed. The problems discussed include: direct destruction of swamp marsh 

 and bay bottom habitat in the immediate project area; destruction of spawning 

 and nursery habitat by slltation; reduction of light penetration in the water; 

 creation of anerobic bottom conditions; and reduction of nutrient outflow from 

 Tampa Bay, Biscayne Bay, Indian River, and the St. Johns River illustrate 

 the impacts of these operations on Florida's fish and wildlife resources. 



103. MASSEY, L.L., et al., "Bibliography of Coastal Residential Canals with 

 Selected Annotations," Sea Grant Publication MASGP-76-003, Mississippi 

 - Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, 1976. 



Bibliographic references are presented that relate to coastal resi- 

 dential canals directly or that indirectly address ecological and geological 

 topics concerning the adverse effects of coastal canals. The bibliographic 

 section is followed by selected annotations of articles published in open 

 journals, which report ecological investigations conducted within existing 

 canals. 



104. MAY, E.B., "Environmental Effects of Hydraulic Dredging in Estuaries," 

 Alabama Marine Eesonraes Bulletin^ Apr. 1973, pp. 1-85. 



Hydraulic channel and shell dredging and open-water spoil disposal have 

 little significant immediate effect on the water quality in Alabama estuaries. 

 Most of the sediment discharge by dredges settles rapidly and is transported 

 by gravity along the bottom as a separate flocculated layer and potentially 

 harmful components of the mud are not dissolved in the water. There is a 

 limited, temporary reduction in benthic organisms in areas affected by 

 dredging. Spoil piles from channel dredges can indirectly affect the ecology 

 and the usefulness of estuaries by interfering with water circulation thereby 

 altering salinity. The basic hydrological concepts that determine the effects 

 of dredging should apply in other areas. Extensive regulations apparently 

 are not necessary to protect the water quality in open-water dredging situa- 

 tions, but spoil disposal practices from channel dredges must be reconsidered 

 and new disposal plans developed. 



105. MAY, E.B., "Effects on Water Quality When Dredging a Polluted Harbor Using 

 Confined Spoil Disposal," Alabama Marine Resources Bulletin, No. 10, May 

 1974, pp. 1-7. 



Dredging a polluted harbor using confined spoil disposal did not degrade 

 the water quality. The quality of water returned to the waterway was better 

 than that in the stream before or during dredging due to an increase in the 

 dissolved oxygen and the removal of solids and hydrogen sulfide. There was 

 no significant increase in trace elements. 



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