in Haifa Bay and off Netanya to supplement and eventually replace onshore 

 sources of kurkar, which is utilized extensively for road construction and 

 maintenance. During the first 10 years the proposed dredging should maximize 

 the area of rock outcrop and the irregularity of the bottom and replace, as 

 much as possible, the submerged ridges and rock outcrops lost by quarrying. 

 All the fauna and flora inhabiting the dredged areas will be destroyed or 

 displaced by the dredging. The new habitats will be partially repopulated 

 with many of the same species that previously lived in the mined area. The 

 dredging operation and the turbid plume generated will probably disrupt fishing 

 in a large part of the bay. The nutrient contribution to the coastal waters 

 and the adverse impact of salt brought ashore with the damp kurkar are not 

 likely to be significant. The Netanya dredging site is closer to the beach 

 than that in Haifa Bay and has a smaller, less diverse biota. However, the 

 deterioration of water quality may be detrimental to its recreational and 

 tourism values. 



50. GERKE, R.J., and KACZNSKI, V.W., "Food of Juvenile Pink and Chum Salmon 

 in Puget Sound, Washington," Technical Report No. 17, Washington Depart- 

 ment of Fisheries, Olympia, Wash., 1972. 



Pink and chum salmon (Onoorhynchus govbusoha and 0. keta) were collected 

 from three widely separated offshore areas of Puget Sound during April, May, 

 and June 1970 to determine the kinds and types of organisms in their diets. 

 Sampling areas included: (1) Anderson Island (southern Puget Sound), (2) 

 Port Susan (central Puget Sound) , and (3) Toandos Peninsula (Hood Canal) . 

 Fish collected from the Anderson Island area fed almost exclusively on har- 

 pacticoid copepods (95 percent of the stomach contents) . Food items consumed 

 at the other sampling sites indicated a more variable diet, including gammarid 

 amphipods, barnacle nauplii, euphausids, hapracticoid copepods, and eggs of 

 invertebrate animals. Epibenthic forms were the predominant food type through- 

 out the sampling period at Anderson Island and during the month of May at the 

 other areas. Interspecific differences in the kinds of organisms consumed were 

 uncommon. The distinct ecological zone that epibenthic forms inhabit makes 

 them extremely susceptible to changes in the beach habitat brought about by 

 domestic and industrial development of intertidal and subtidal areas. Piers, 

 jetties, landfills, marinas, bulkheads, and other facilities that either 

 disturb or destroy beach areas could be highly detrimental to aquatic life, 

 especially the kind that lives in the bottom substrate. These saltwater 

 installations not only remove the living area for economically important fishes, 

 but also eliminate the habitat that supports the food these fish feed on. This 

 could have a great impact on the future of Puget Sound pink and chum salmon 

 stocks. 



51. GILMORE, G., and TRENT, L., "Abundance of Benthic Macro invertebrates in 

 Natural and Altered Estuarine Areas," Technical Report NMFS SSRF-677, 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, Galveston, Tex., Apr. 1974. 



The abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates from March to October 1969 

 in West Bay, Texas, was compared between a natural marsh area, an adjacent 

 marsh area altered by channelization, bulkheading, filling, and an open 

 bay area. Abundance indexes, (area combined) of the four groups of phyla 

 caught were 66.4 percent polychaetes, 29.6 percent crustaceans, 2.5 percent 

 pelecypods, and 1.5 percent nemerteans; volumes were 44.0 percent polychaetes, 

 40.8 percent pelecypods, 10.7 percent nemerteans, and 4.4 percent crustaceans. 

 All organisms combined were slightly more abundant numerically and more than 

 twice as abundant volumetrically in the marsh than in the canals and were the 

 least abundant in the bay. Polychaetes were most abundant in the canals and 



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