Prior to initiation of the Little River navigation project involving 

 channel stabilization and a jetty system, a study was conducted to inven- 

 tory benthic communities, wetlands, and shellfish resources of the area. 

 Qualitative and quantitative samples were collected and aerial photos were 

 used. The number of benthic invertebrate species is relatively low; how- 

 ever, the estuary serves as an important nursery for shrimp, crabs and fishes. 



23. CAMMEN, L.M., "Macroinvertebrate Colonization of Spartina Marshes Artifi- 

 cially Established on Dredge Spoil," Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 

 Vol. 4, No. 4, July 1976, pp. 357-372. 



Core samples were taken from dredge spoil planted with Spartina altemiflora, 

 spoil left bare, and the nearby natural marsh in two locations to determine the 

 factors influencing the development of the spoil fauna and also to compare the 

 spoil with the natural marsh fauna. Based on the calculation of total numbers, 

 total biomass, sample diversity, species richness, and faunal similarity between 

 plots, the difference in the elevation between the bare and planted spoil appeared 

 to be the major factor in determining the degree of similarity in their fauna. 

 Five factors are suggested to control the development of the planted spoil fauna: 

 the similarity of the spoil to the natural marsh in elevation and sediment par- 

 ticle size, the natural sedimentation rate in the area, the proximity of the 

 spoil to the natural marsh, and the relative maturity of the natural marsh 

 faunal community. 



24. CAMMEN, L.M,, SENECA, E.D., and COPELAND, B.J., "Animal Colonization of 

 Man-Initiated Salt Marshes on Dredged Spoil," TP 76-7, U.S. Army, Corps 

 of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., 

 June 1976. 



This study determined the differences in fauna in spoil areas and natural 

 marsh at Drum Inlet and Snow's Cut, North Carolina. A marked difference in 

 faunal development was found at the sites. Research also showed that plant- 

 ing Spai'tina on dredge spoil leads to the creation of a salt marsh, which 

 resembles a natural marsh. 



25. CARSTEA, D., et al., "Guidelines for the Environmental Impact Assessment 

 of Small Structures and Related Activities in Coastal Bodies of Water," 

 Technical Report MTR-6916, The Mitre Corporation, McLean, Va., 1975. 



Criteria for an evaluation of the environmental impact of various shoreline 

 structures are given. Water turbidity, storm runoff, boat emissions, erosion, 

 sedimentation impacts on biota, impacts on ecologically vital areas, air quality, 

 and noise are some of the factors considered. Structures reviewed included 

 riprap, bulkheads, groins, jetties, piers, dredge fill, outfalls, submerged 

 lines and pipes, and aerial crossings. 



26. 'CHAMBERS, C.V., and SPARKS, A.K., "An Ecological Survey of the Houston Ship 

 Channel and Adjacent Bays," Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 

 Vol. 6, University of Texas, Austin, Tex., 1959, pp. 213-250. 



In the ship channel a dissolved oxygen gradient existed from a low dissolved 

 oxygen concentration in the upper channel to near normal concentrations at the 

 lower boundary of the survey area. The dissolved oxygen in the ship channel 

 below the mouth of the San Jacinto River is greatly influenced by the flow rate 

 of the river which is, in turn, largely controlled by rainfall. Studies of 



12 



