4. ARNOLD, E.L., Jr., "Man's Alterations of Estuaries by Dredging and Filling 

 a Grave Threat to Marine Resources," Proceedings of the 18th Annual Con- 

 ference of the Southeast Association of Game Fish Commissioners, Vol. 18, 

 1964, pp. 269-273. 



Estuaries are being unwisely exploited to develop waterfront real estate 

 by dredging and filling. Accumulative effects of landfill activities threaten 

 the balance of nature in which estuaries play a major role. The typical dredge- 

 and-f ill operation along the Florida coast is in the shallow bay bottom and tidal 

 flat areas. The operations destroy the marine productivity in the shallows where 

 extensive grass beds are prime fish nursery and forage areas. These development 

 activities also change long established currents. The Tampa-Boca Ciega Bay 

 dredge-and-f ill project is noted to involve 9.25 million cubic yards of fill 

 materials. The Boca Ciega Bay is an excellent nursery and forage area that 

 would be destroyed by an extensive dredge-and-f ill project. 



5. ARON, W.I., and SMITH, S.H., "Ship Canals and Aquatic Ecosystems," Science, 

 Vol. 174, No. 4004, Oct. 1971, pp. 13-20. 



Through a combination of ecosystem homeostasis and the perversity of man and 

 nature, often times the significant biological changes effected by environmental 

 modifications are not detected until long after the initial change has taken 

 place. The immediate impact, which may range from spectacular to undetectable, 

 is a deceptive measure of the long-term and often more important changes in the 

 ecosystem. 



6. AULD, A.H., and SCHUBEL, J.R., "Effects of Suspended Sediment on Fish Eggs 

 and Larvae: A Laboratory Assessment," Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science^ 

 Vol. 6, No. 2, Feb. 1978, pp. 153-164. 



Eggs and larvae of six species of anadromous and estuarine fish indigenous 

 to the Chesapeake Bay were exposed to different concentrations of suspended 

 sediment to determine the effects on hatching success and short-term survival. 

 The egg experiments indicated that concentrations did not significantly affect 

 the hatching success of yellow perch, blueback herring, alewife, or American shad 

 eggs. Higher concentrations significantly reduced the hatching success of white 

 perch and striped bass; lower concentrations did not. Experiments with larvae 

 indicated that high concentrations significantly reduced the survival of striped, 

 bass and yellow perch larvae exposed for 48 to 96 hours. American shad larvae 

 appeared to be less tolerant than the other two species tested. Low concentra- 

 tions significantly reduced the survival of shad larvae continuously exposed 

 for 96 hours. The significance of these results is discussed relative to natural 

 and man- induced changes in sediment loading of estuaries. 



7. BARADA, W., and PARTINGTON, W.M., Jr., "Report of Investigation of Environ- 

 mental Effects of Private Water Front Canals," Environmental Information 

 Center, Winter Park, Fla., 1972. 



The impact of canal-type waterfront developments on Florida's aquatic environ- 

 ment and its possible conflict of public interest is discussed. Topics include 

 effects on fish and fishing, changes in water quality, benthos, sources of 

 pollutants, the effect on ground water, the effect on public health, and the^ 

 economic impact of these developments. The study was based on a literature 

 review and assessment by knowledgeable persons. Developing private waterfront 

 property causes serious environmental degradation beyond the private boundaries 

 and therefore affects public interest. 



