ESTIMATE OF POPULATION.—PUEBLO INDIANS. 9 
evince a greater regard for the prosperity of those portions of the peaceful tribes who live on 
the borders, the effect would be beneficial upon the roving bands. 
Among those contiguous to our route, residing in the Choctaw or Creek territory, and 
characterized as rude, the following are enumerated : 
Topofkees......... 200 
Kichais 500 
Kickapoos......... 400 
Caddoes 100 
Huecos 400 
Witchitas 500 
Total 2,100 
These remnants of tribes have much intercourse with, and are supposed to be considerably 
influenced by, the semi-civilized class above alluded to. Probably they might easily be induced 
to conform to their mode of life. Already they cultivate the soil to some extent, but, retaining 
many of their old habits, are fond of hunting and a roving life, and commit occasional depreda- 
tions upon their neighbors. 
The third class, denominated barbarous, are the Arabs of the plains and the scourge of emi- 
grants. According to the best information 1 could obtain, their numbers are as follows :* 
Comanches 20,000 
Kaiowas 3,500 
Lipan S 6,500 
amounting to 30,000 persons, one-fifth of whom are supposed to be warriors. "They are perfect 
types of the American savage, and to us appear more barbarous than the Spaniards considered 
them at the end of the preceding century.f Hunting and war are their favorite pursuits. 
Agriculture is esteemed a degradation, from which their proud natures revolt; their dependence 
for subsistence being upon game, and depredations upon frontier settlements. So haughty is 
their spirit, and so great their contempt for white men, that it is somewhat doubtful whether 
they will ever be iadaced to accept civilization and a local habitation, instead of the unrestrained 
freedom of their wild and lawless life. 
Between the Comanche range and the Rio Grande are several fragments of roving bands 
of Apaches, whose condition in 1799 is described in chapter vr. As they were not seen 
upon our trail, and are not supposed to be numerous, they are passed over without further 
remark. 
The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico present a strong contrast to those previously noticed. 
They remain living in towns, irrigating and cultivating the soil, nearly in the same manner as 
was their custom previous to the period of the Spanish conquest. We first met bands of them 
upon the Canadian river, where they were in search of Comanches for the purposes of trade, 
They said their tribe was called ‘ Tiguex’’ by Spaniards, but, in their own language, the 
appellation was Ki/-o-wummi. They traced upon the ground a sketch of their country, with 
the names and locations of the pueblos occupied in New Mexico—a copy of which (somewhat 
9 These estimates differ from those given i in eg Schoolcraft’s niga eg — are as aere Comanches 27,000, 
Kaiowas 3,500, Lipans 500—amounting to 31,000. Mr. Burnet, i ject, ranks the Lipans 
next to the Comanches. His estimates of a 5008 would, however, reduce thea above by nearly one-half. 
+ See the description of Comanches in chapter vi. 
2 4 
