PUEBLO INDIANS.—NAVAJOS.—MAQUINOS. 13 
persons ;* equal to about one-sixth of the whole population of the Territory. For the greater 
part of two centuries they have been characterized by peaceful dispositions, and noted for honesty 
and sobriety. They regularly till the soil, and have sufficient foresight to make seasonable 
provision for all their necessities. Although most friendly in their intercourse with their white 
neighbors, they live exclusively by themselves, and neither intermarry with, nor adopt the 
habits of, any other race. They appear to rejoice in the change from Mexican to American rule, 
and anticipate a return to them of the prosperity which their traditions commemorate as 
belonging to the Saturnalian or Montezuma era. 
West of Rio Grande, we enter the country of the Navajos. They extend northward from our 
route to Rio San Juan, valley of Tuñe Cha, and Cañon de Chelle ; occupying a region some 
15,000 square miles in extent. Within the fertile valleys they sulfide wheat, corn, and 
vegetables; and upon the grassy plains graze numerous flocks and herds. Their unies 
grounds extend upon the south as far as the headwaters of Rio Gila. For weaving blankets, 
this band of the Apache tribe is famous ; but they are not known to be expert in any other 
branch of arts. The number of the Navajos is variously stated—10,000 being the estimate of 
Gregg, which is probably nearly correct. Formerly, they were troublesome neighbors to the 
inhabitants of New Mexico; but since the establishment of a military post at Fort Defiance, 
under the command of an Ge who understands Indian character, and is able at once to com- 
mand their esteem and respect, few depredations have been commnition. "They appear to be 
making advancement in peaceful pursuits, and bid fair to become willing recipients of civili- 
zation. 
West from the Navajos, and in the fork between the Little and the Big Colorados, lies the 
country of the Moquinos—a people famous in Spanish history as well for their devotion to 
liberty and successful valor in resisting foreign aggression, as for their hospitality, integrity 
of character, and attention to agriculture. In many respects, they assimilate to the people of 
Zuñi, with whom they ever maintain friendly relations. The situation of Moqui seems to be 
within wide and fertile valleys, lying near the base of mountains where are found the sources 
of various tributaries to the Colorado Chiquito. A few isolated portions of a high table-land 
remain in the vicinity of their fields, and upon the tops are the ancient pueblos, which, for 
centuries, have been considered remarkable monuments of Indian art. 
The following are the names of the seven pueblos of Moqui. "The estimate of the population 
is by Mr. Leroux, who has been among them: 
Names. In Zuiii language. Number of | Total popula- 
: warriors. tion. 
O-râi-bè Ü-16-0-wà 400 2,400 
Shú-múth-pa Shú-múth-pai-0-wa 150 900 
MAREN E de ui pe ge Mü-shài-é-nów-à 150 900 
Áh-1é-1 Ah-lé-Ia 150 900 
Guál-pí. Nathl-pl-6..---.,.i1.- 150 900 
Shí-win-na hí-win-eé-wà 120 
Té-quà1...... é-é-wün-nà 100 600 
e an Re e EE 1,120 6, 7201 
Remarks.—In the spelling of Indian words, the vowels have the Spanish sounds; a like ah—e as a in fate; o like o in 
note; u like oo in food; but where a letter is marked thus, Y the sound is short. 
2 Since writing the above, I have noticed, in Mr. Schoolcraft's History, an estimate of the population of the pueblos of 
New Mexico, by which the aggregate is between 11,000 and 12,000. 
t Probably should be Tiguex, one of the ancient tribes of Rio del Norte. 
tI perceive in Mr. Schooleraft’s history (volume 1) different names for most of these pueblos, and a larger estimate of 
the population. 
