O Ve SSH, ac e E 
> engm, 
ENTRANCE TO MOQUI.—SILVER MINES.— REVOLT OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS IN 1680, 115 
3 
earrings." They said that Coronado intended to have gone there; but having travelled twelve 
days’ journey, he began to want water, and returned. Espejo, desirous of seeing this rich country, 
departed from Cibola, and, having travelled twenty-eight leagues west, found another great 
province,* of above 50,000 souls. As they approached a town called Zaguato, the multitude, 
with their caciques, met them with great joy, and poured maize upon the ground for the horses 
to walk upon. And they presented the captain with 40,000 mantles of cotton, white and 
colored, and many hand towels with tassels at the four corners, and rich metals which seemed 
to contain much silver. Thence, travelling due west forty-five leagues, they found mines, of 
which they had been informed, and took out with their own hands rich metals, containing 
silver. The mines, which were of a broad vein, were in a mountain, easily ascended by an 
open way to the same. In the vicinity of the mines there were numerous Indians pueblos. 
** Hereabout they found two rivers,f of a reasonable bigness, upon the banks whereof grew many 
vines bearing excellent grapes, and great groves of walnut-trees, and much flax, like that of 
Castile. The Indians here showed, by signs, that behind those mountains was a river eight 
leagues broad. § 
Captain Espejo then returned to Zuñi. Thence he determined to ascend still higher upon Rio 
del Norte. Having travelled sixty leagues toward the province of Quires, twelve leagues 
thence, toward the east, they found a province of Indians, called Hubates, containing 25,000 
persons, well dressed in colored mantles of cotton and hides. They had many mountains full 
of pines and cedars, and the houses of their towns were four or five stories high. Here they 
had notice of another province, distant one day’s journey from thence, inhabited by Indians 
called Tamos, and containing 40,000 souls. But these people having refused admittance to 
their towns, the Spaniards returned; and following one hundred and twenty leagues down a 
river called Rio de las Vacas,| united again with the Rio del Norte, and went homeward in 
July, 1583. In conclusion, the author adds: ‘‘ Almighty God vouchsafe his assistance in this 
business, that such numbers of souls redeemed by His blood may not utterly perish; of whose 
good capacity, wherein they exceed those of Mexico and Peru, we may boldly assert that they 
will easily embrace the gospel, and abandon such idolatry as now the most of them do live in.”’ 
* * * * * * * * * * 
COUNTRY OF THE MOQUIS. 
Miguel Vinegas, a Mexican Jesuit, in his History of California, dated 1758, states that the 
province of Moquis joins to the northwest part of the kingdom of New Mexico; its inhabitants 
had been wholly converted and reduced by the zeal of the Franciscans ; bor i in 1680 they 
apostatized, and, after massacring the persons who instructed them, revolted, together with the 
other Indians of New Mexico. The fathers, however, after inexpressible labors, restored tran- 
quillity and religion in that kingdom; but all their diligence could not overcome the obduracy 
of the Moquinos, who for many years opposed all offers of their coming among them. In 1723 
the viceroy was directed to attempt their reduction, and the enterprise was proposed to the 
Jesuits. They could enter Moqui only from Sonora and Upper Pimeria. ‘‘ Moqui lies to the 
northward of the Missions of Tibutama, Guebavi, and others of Pimeria; but the distance 
between Tibutama and the river Gila is not less than eighty leagues, and all inhabited by 
Indians, with whom, indeed, a friendship has been concluded, but the far greater part of them 
are declared infidels. Next to these are the savage Apaches, implacable enemies to the Span- 
iards, and all Indians connected with them. Beyond these are the Moquis, inhabiting an exten- 
sive, but mountainous country. Consequently there was no direct way for the Jesuits to pene- 
trate into this province; and therefore, the attempt could only be made either through the 
* Mohotze. (Moqui ?) 1 Probably San Francisco mountain, near which are large ruins described by Capt. Sitgreaves. 
1 Probably the Colorado Chiquito (Rio del Lino) and Rio Verde. 
$ Rio Colorado, probably confounded with the Gulf of California. | Rio Pecos. 
