BOTANY. 141 
not been able to ascertain. In Mexico its place seems to be taken by Pinus Cembroides, Zucc., 
which has been found by Dr. Parry on the mountains east of San Diego, in California. 
Pinus LAMBERTIANA, Dougl.; Lamb. Pin. ed. 2, 1, p. 57, t. 34; Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 150; 
Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 122. t. 114. On the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada. A stately and beau- 
tiful tree, not excelled by any in California for its timber. A sweet substance, intermediate be- 
tween resin and sugar, exudes from it when wounded and partially burned, so that it is gene- 
rally known in California by the name of Sugar Pine. 
PINUS ENGELMANNI. P. BRACHYPTERA, Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. p. 89. Hill-sides, Sonora, Cali- 
fornia. Dr. Bigelow states that this valuable pine makes its first appearance in the mountains 
between the Pecos and the Rio Grande, and occurs in large quantities on the mountain ranges 
quite to the Sierra Nevada. See his report. It is called Yellow Pine and Pitch Pine in some 
parts of New Mexico. We have changed the specific name, because the wing of the seed is 
not short; Dr. Engelmann himself having ascertained that the specimens from which his 
description was drawn were not perfect. In our plant the wing is nearly an inch long. The 
leaves are sometimes nearly six inches in length. 
PINUS FLEXILIS, James, in Long’s Exped. 2, p. 27 & 35; Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. Hist. N. York. 
2, p. 249; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 107, t. 112. P. Lambertiana, 8. Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 162, 
(ex. Nutt.) Sandia Mountains of New Mexico, **12,000 feet above the level of the sea,” and on 
the San Francisco Mountain, in the western part of the same Territory. It is called Rocky 
Mountain White Pine. The ordinary height of the tree is from 40-50 feet, but Dr. Bigelow saw 
trunks of it that were more than 100 feet high. The seeds are edible like those of P. Cembra, 
which this species greatly resembles. 
PINUS INSIGNIS, Dougl. in Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2265, t. 2170-2172. Mountains near Oakland; 
also on the south Yuba and on the Coast mountains, California. "The cones, when fully grown, 
are about six inches long. They are usually gibbous and a little curved; the points of the 
scales much more developed on the gibbous side. The ordinary height of the tree is from 30-40 
feet. "This may be the same as the imperfectly described P. Californica, Lois. 
PINUS SABINIANA, Dougl. in Lamb. Pin. (ed. 2,) 2, p. 146, t. 80; Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2246, f. 
2138-40, 2142 & 2143; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 110, t. 103.  Duffield's Ranch, ete., at the base of the 
Sierra Nevada. One of the species called White Pine in California. It is remarkable for its 
very large, heavy cones, the scales of which are produced into a long stout incurved point. See 
Dr. Bigelow's Report. 
PINUS CONTORTA, Dougl. in Loud. Encl. of Trees, p. 975, f. 9148 & 915; Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 
163. Near Sonora, California. Leaves about 24 inches long. Cones scarcely 2 inches in 
length, ovate when closed, but nearly globose when expanded. Its range extends northward to 
Cape Disappointment. 
ABIES DoucLast, Lindl. in Penny Cyclop. 1, p. 32; Loud. Arb. 4, p. 2319, f. 2230; Nutt. 
Sylv. 3, p. 129, t. 115; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 162, t. 183. From the Sandia Mountains, 
between the Pecos and Rio Grande, to the coast range of California, on most of the higher 
mountains. It extends also north to Oregon. Its common name is Douglas’ Spruce. See Dr. 
Bigelow’s Report. 
ABIES BALSAMEA, Mill.? Pinus balsamea, Linn.? Sandia and San Francisco Mountains ; also 
on the Sierra Nevada. We name this tree on the authority of Dr. Bigelow, who says (in his 
report) that it is identical with the eastern species; but the leaves are considerably longer. No 
good cones came with the specimens. 
JUNIPERUS TETRAGONA, Schlecht. in Linnea, 13, p. 495? Torr. in Sitgreaves’ Rep. p. 173, var. 
OSTEOSPERMA, near Bill Williams” Mountain, and on hills fifty miles west of the Colorado of 
California. This is the smooth-barked Juniperus of Sitgreaves” Report that was supposed 
might be J. tetragona, Schlecht. The short description given of that species by Schlechtendahl 
leaves us in doubt as to its identity with ours. The berries (not quite ripe) are said to be 3-4 
lines in diameter, while in our plant they are nearly half an inch. Neither are the fructiferous 
