CHAPTER I. 
EXPLORATIONS FROM A. D. 1800 TO A. D. 1832. 
CAPTAINS LEWIS AND CLARKE, U. 8. A., 1804-5-6 —MAJOR PIKE, U. S. A., 1805-'6.—HuMBOLDT'S NEW SPAIN, 1811.—RECTOR, C. E., AND 
ROBERDEAU, T. E., MAP, 1818.— MAJOR LONG, T. E., IST EXPEDITION, 1819—20.—MAJonR LONG, T. E., 2D EXPEDITION, 1823 —J. C. 
BROWN, C. E., SURVEY, 1825-26-27.—R. RICHARDSON, C. E, SURVEY, 1826.—NORTHWEST BOUNDARY COMMISSION, 1828. —BRITISH 
ADMIRALTY CHARTS, 1828.—L:EUTENANT HARDY, R. N., EXPLORATIONS GULF OF CALIFORNIA, 1825-2627-28. — Ross cox’s 
“ ADVENTURES ON THE COLUMBIA,” 1832.—LIEUTENANT ALLEN, U. S. A., RECONNAISSANCE OF THE SOURCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI, 1832.— 
ScHOOLCRAFT’s NARRATIVE, 1832 —FINLEY’s MAP OF NORTH AMERICA, 1826. 
EPIRA TIONS OF CAPTAIN MERIWETHER LEWIS, U. Y ۳ AND CAPTAIN WILLIAM CLARKE, U. 8. A., 
IN 1804-'5- 
THE narrative I have consulted most particularly is entitled ‘t Travels to the Source of the 
Missouri River and across the American Continent to the Pacific Ocean, performed, by order of the gov- 
ernment of the United States, in the years 1804, 1805, and 1806. By Captains Lewis and Clarke; 
published from the official report, and illustrated by a map of the route and other maps. London ; 
Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, Paternoster Row.—1814.’’ This book consists 
of one volume quarto, illustrated by a map on a-scale of 70 miles to an inch, showing the 
country from Lake Superior and the Mississippi to the Pacific ocean, between the 39th and 49th 
parallels. The other maps are enlarged plans of certain important localities. Another and 
more common edition, published by the same parties in 1817, is composed of 3 volumes 8vo., 
with a map on a scale of about 80 miles to an inch. 
An account of the expedition was also published in 1808, by Patrick Gass, a sergeant on the 
exploration; it contains some particulars not noticed in the official narrative. 
An abridged edition, prepared by Archibald M. Vickar, was published in two volumes in 
Harper's Family Library Series, in 18—. The map accompanying this edition has one glaring 
error, in placing a high range of mountains ranging east and west between the Missouri and 
Yellowstone rivers. 
These explorers began to ascend the Missouri river in keel boats, cordeled by hand, in 1804. 
They were provided with compasses for determining their courses, and with chronometers, 
sextants, and artificial horizons for obtaining latitudes and longitudes. They spent the winter 
of 1804 and 1805 at Fort Mandan, opposite the existing Ree village, or Fort Clarke. The 
next season, having ascended the Missouri to the Three Forks, and named them Jefferson, 
Madison, and Gallatin, and believing the first to be the main stream, they followed it to its 
source. 
From the sources of the Jefferson Fork, Captain Clarke, with afew men, passed over to those 
of the north or east fork of Lewis’ river, (Salmon river,) and endeavored to ‘discover a route 
westward. Finding it impracticable to descend the stream or to cross the mountains lying 
west of it, that route was abandoned. The party then ascended Fish creek, a small branch of 
Salmon river, and crossing a high mountain ridge to the east, entered the valley of the Bitter 
Root river. This they descended to the mouth of Travellers Rest creek, named Lou-Lou 
3 
