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EXPLORATIONS FROM A, D. 1800 TO A. D. 1832. 19 
nations; that of the mouth of the Columbia was taken one degree too far west. "The place 
which they mention as the extreme navigable point of the Missouri is placed by their observa- 
tions on latitude 43? 30', while the most southern point on Jefferson Fork is, according to Gov- 
ernor Stevens’ map, in about latitude 44? 30'; thus showing a considerable discrepancy. 
Most of the routes and rivers they examined have been re-explored, the only exceptions being 
the sources of Salmon river, the Missouri river from the Gate of the Mountains to its source, 
and the Yellowstone, from the point where Captain Clarke struck it to the mouth of Powder 
river. The tests to which the maps of this exploration have been subjected prove them to 
have been carefully made and with great accuracy, considering the means and circumstances of 
the party. 
The original map represente the different ridges of the Rocky mountains with a general north- 
west trend from the Black Hills westward, and it is neither responsible for the error of repre- 
senting those north of the Platte with a northeast trend, nor for the false indication of a range 
of mountains running east and west between the Yellowstone and Missouri. Deceived by the 
size of the Wallamath at its mouth, these explorers supposed it to be a stream of great length, 
and represented it on their map as heading to the southwest in the vicinity of what is now 
known to be the Great Salt lake. 'The names they gave to the rivers have been generally 
adopted, although a little confusion exists about some of the smaller ones. Captain Clarke 
speaks of one Fish creek, a branch of the head stream of Salmon river, and of another Fish 
creek near it on the east of the great divide, running into Wisdom river. Again, Lieutenant 
Mullan says, in his report to Governor Stevens of his examinations across the Bitter Root 
mountains, (P. R. R. Report, vol. I, quarto edition, page 530:) ** Through this prairie flows a 
small creek to the headwaters of the Clearwater, called by Messrs. Lewis and Clarke ‘‘Glade 
creek." The creek which is called by Captain Clarke Glade creek is at the source of Wisdom 
river. Captain Lewis’ melancholy death occurred before the completion of the narrative, thus 
devolving the whole labor of the report upon his able associate, Captain Clarke. Several 
editions of the work have appeared, differing somewhat from each other, and thus, no doubt, 
has arisen the misunderstanding now existing concerning the names of places. 
" EXPLORATIONS OF MAJOR Z M. PIKE, U.S.A., 1805-6-7. 
p 
ulpa wiiérdive: I have consulted is entitled “An Account of Expeditions to the Sources of the 
Mississippi, and through the western parts of Louisiana, to the Sources of the Arkansas and Pierre- 
jaun Rivers, performed, by order of the Government of the United States, during the years 1805, 
'6, and "1; and a Tour through the interior parts of New Spain, when conducted through these 
provinces by order of the Captain General, in 1807. By Major Z. M. Pike; illustrated by maps 
and charts. Published by C. & A. Conrad & Co., Philadelphia. John Binus, printer. —1810." 
Accompanying it is a map of the Mississippi river, from the mouth of the Missouri river to 
Leech lake, on a scale of about 25 miles to one inch; a map, in two sheets, on a scale of about 
40 miles to one inch, showing the supposed positions of the Platte, Arkansas, and Red rivers, 
from their mouths to their sources; and a map of New € in two sheets, on a scale of about 
75 miles to an inch. 
In 1805 and ’6, Lieutenant Pike,* in his expedition to the sources of the "— ae 
® Major Pike was a lieutenant while the making both of the explorations noticed here, and was promoted after hig 
return. 
