40 EXPLORATIONS FROM A. D. 1832 To A. D. 1844. 
the Llano Estacado at the head of the main Red river. The party was here divided in two 
portions—the one under Colonel Cooke proceeding rapidly in advance, and General McLeod 
following more slowly with the main train. The pioneers of the advance guard travelled 
northwest, and struck the Canadian at the Arroyo de Truxillo; thence they followed up its 
valley to the Santa Fé and Independence road, which led them to Anton Chico. Some Mexi- 
cans were sent back as guides to Colonel Cooke, and he was led by the way of Tucumcari 
Hill along the road generally pursued by emigrants, near the Canadian river, to New Mexico. 
In the meantime, Mr. Kendall and his companions were made prisoners by the Mexicans, as 
also was Colonel Cooke upon his arrival at Anton Chico. While imprisoned in San Miguel, 
awaiting the arrival of General Armijo, they learned that he had captured General McLeod 
and his whole command at the Laguna Colorado. This expedition, it is thought, may have 
been the first to visit the sources of Red river, but it furnished no —— information 
which could be accurately represented upon a map. 
I. N. NICOLLET'S EXPLORATIONS, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, and 1840. 
This report and map was printed by the Senate, document No. 237, 26th Congress, 2d ses- 
sion ; the title being ‘‘ Report intended to illustrate a map of the Hydrographical Basin of the 
Upper Mississippi river, made by I. N. Nicollet while in employ under the Bureau of the Corps of 
Topographical Engineers. February 16, 1841.—Ordered to be printed, and 200 additional copies 
Jor the use of the Senate. Washington: Blair & Rives, printers. —1843.’’ The map accompany- 
ing this document is on a scale of 1 to 1,200,000. ‘Reduced and compiled, under the 
direction of Colonel J. J. Abert, in the Bureau of Topographical Engineers, by Lieut. W. H. 
Emory, from the map published in 1842, and from other authorities in 1843." __ 
The map published in 1842 was on a scale of 1 to 600,000, and bore the title of ** Map of 
the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi river, from astronomical and barometrical 
observations, surveys, and information, by I. N. Nicollet, made in the years 1836, 1837, 1838, 
1839, and 1840; assisted in 1838, 1839, and 1840, by Lieutenant J. C. Frémont of the leno 
of Topographical Engineers, and authorized by the War Department." Both of these maps 
comprised the valley of the Mississippi and country adjacent, from the parallel of 38? to 
48? 30' north, between the 89th and 101st meridians west from Greenwich, and contained, in 
addition to the results of Mr. Nicollet's own observations and determinations, a jili of 
nearly all previous authentic explorations within these limits. 
. Mr. Nicollet says, in his introduction, that ‘‘having come to this country for the purpose 
ot making a scientific tour, and with a view of contributing to the progressive increase of 
knowledge in the physical geography of North America, I determined, after having explored 
the Allegany range in its ey extension gk he southern States, and having ascended 
the Red river, Arkan iver, نو‎ long Missouri river, to undertake the full 
Uu 
d e d ceu ui. P 4t Ar . B 
of the river from its meth wiis و‎ sources. During the five years 
that I wed ینت‎ ja theno- excursions, I VN occasion t sili eb تون‎ ation 
" 1dation of the astr cal and physical ge graphy of a large extent of 
— "of the- great and interesting resting: tagiin: between the Falls of St. 
e sources of the Mississippi. With these labors I connected, also, the study 
of the customs, habits, manners, and languages of the several Indian nations that occupy this 
vast region of country. At the expiration of this long (and I found it an arduous) journey, 
I returned to Baltimore among my good friends of St. Mary’s College, where I soon received a 
