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EXPLORATIONS FROM A. D. 1852 To a. D. 1857. 17 
Mollhausen, topographer and artist; Hugh Campbell, assistant astromomer; William White, jr., 
assistant meteorological observer; Mr. George G. Garner, assistant astronomer; Mr. N. H 
Hutton, assistant engineer; John P. Sherburne, assistant meteorological observer; and Mr. T. 
H. Parke, assistant astronomer and computer. They were provided with a portable transit, sex- 
tants, and chronometers, for astronomical observations, and with the other instruments needful 
for reconnaissances. They were escorted by a company of the 7th infantry, under Captain J. 
M. Jones, and began the survey with a train of wagons. Lieutenant Ives proceeded, with an 
astronomical transit and other instruments, from Washington, D. C., to Albuquerque, by way 
of San Antonio and El Paso, where he joined the party. 
Captain Whipple (then a first lieutenant) left Fort Smith July 13, 1853, and moved west, 
along the northern base of the San’ Bois mountains, to the south fork of the Canadian river. 
. Crossing this, the party followed its main branch, called Coal creek, to its head; thence crossing 
Delaware Ridge, they struck the head of Boggy river. Recrossing the Delaware Ridge, they 
passed along the heads of Walnut and Deer creeks, until, keeping at some distance south of 
the Canadian, and gradually diverging from it, they crossed a low divide and struck the waters 
of the False Washita river, at Gypsum creek. Thence they travelled northwest,up the valley 
for about 60 miles, when they passed over again to the Canadian. They then travelled generally 
along the valley of the Canadian river, by the Emigrant road, to the Pecos, at Anton Chico. 
Here the party separated. Lieutenant Whipple, with a small number, followed the Pecos nearly 
to its head, crossed the Galisteo Pass on the west, and following down the creek of the same name, 
struck the Rio Grande del Norte at the pueblo of San Domingo. Thence he travelled down 
the river to Albuquerque. The main party left Anton Chico, followed up the Cañon Blanco to 
Las Lagunas, thence southwesterly through the San Pedro Pass, at the southern end of the 
Zandia mountain, and thence down the San Antonio creek to Albuquerque. Lieutenant Whipple 
remained encamped at this point a month; leaving there about the middle of November, 1853. 
While at Albuquerque a reconnaissance was made of the river crossing at Isleta, about 10 
miles below. 
The escort was increased by twenty-five men, under Lieutenant J. C. Tidball, 2d artillery, 
and a considerable number of pack animals were now added. 
"From Albuquerque the expedition travelled southwest to the crossing tof tite iib Dass 
thence up the San José or Santa Rita valley to Covero. Soon after leaving Covero, a small 
party under Mr. Campbell explored a route up the north fork of the Santa Rita to its head, 
thence through Campbell’s Pass, in the Sierra Madre, to Fort Defiance and back to the main party 
at Zufii. The main party kept up the South Fork to its head, at the Aqua Fria, thence crossing 
the Sierra Madre, by a rugged pass, descended the slopes of that range to the Pueblo of Zuiii.* 
From this point the exploration was continued westward to the Rio Puerco, (of the west,) 
crossing it near Navajo Spring, and thence southwest to the Colorado Chiquito, near the 
junction of the Puerco with the former stream. After following the valley of the Colorado 
Chiquito for about 40 miles, they struck west towards the San Francisco mountain, passing 
south of it. Continuing the westward course, which carried them north of Mount Bill Wil- 
liams’ and across the sources of some northern branches of the Gila river, they reached the 
sources of Bill Williams’ Fork, and travelled down the valley of this stream to its junction with 
the Colorado of the Gulf of California. They now travelled up the Colorado, through the 
? An interesting article on the region about Fort Defiance, by Dr. J. Letterman, U. S. A., is published in the Annual 
Report for 1855, of Professor Henry, Secretary to the Smithsonian Institution 
